What Is Normal Growth? Principles, Practicalities and Pitfalls of Growth Assessments in Infants and Children DOI
Tanis R. Fenton, Nicole Gilbert, Seham Elmrayed

et al.

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 11

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Background:: Growth assessments are a pillar of public health surveillance, individual screening, and clinical care. Normal growth is defined differently for individuals versus populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were developed to describe the pattern in healthy children without socioeconomic limitations whose mothers planned breastfeed. standards’ cut-off points ±2 standard deviations (z-scores) population assessments, based on attained size, stunting wasting at lower end overweight higher end. In population, one would expect 2.3% be above below these cut-points. Higher child mortality rates associated with noted observational studies validated WHO cut-offs. There knowledge gaps influencing accuracy effectiveness children, posing challenges care providers. Summary:: principles assessing normal preterm infants reviewed, along pitfalls avoided. determined by genetics modified interplay nutritional, environmental, socioeconomic, possibly intergenerational factors. This complexity reflected both level. However, an has unique-specific factors so requires comprehensive assessment. could as progression changes anthropometric measurements achieve individual’s genetic potential. A misdiagnosis faltering can occur if asses one-time rather than serial measures, age not corrected prematurity. provider sensitivity cognizance when communicating about child’s size important parental reassurance avoiding stigma unnecessary pressures or restrictions around feeding.

Language: Английский

Expected and Desirable Preterm and Small Infant Growth Patterns DOI Creative Commons
Tanis R. Fenton, Stephanie Merlino Barr, Seham Elmrayed

et al.

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 100220 - 100220

Published: April 24, 2024

Adequate nutrition is necessary for achieving optimal growth and neurodevelopment. Growth a natural expected process that happens concomitantly with rapid advancements in Serial weight, length, head circumference measures are essential monitoring development, although identifying pathological deviations from normal can pose challenges. Appropriate assessments require considerations range of sizes circumference, weight appropriate. Because genetic differences morbidities, there considerable overlap between the healthy infants those alterations. Parents tend to be over-concerned about children who plot low on charts often need reassurance. Thus, use terms such as "poor" or "failure" discouraged when approximately parallel chart curves even if their size smaller than specific percentiles. No percentile should set goal; individual variability expected. An infant's at birth important information goes beyond common prognostic predictions appropriate compared small large gestational age. The lower birthweight, nutrient stores more support. Compared term infants, preterm term-equivalent age have higher percentage body fat, but this diminishes over next months. Current research findings support expert recommendations grow, after early postnatal loss, similar fetus then term-born which translates curves. There no trade-off optimum cognition future health. Each high-risk infant needs individualized assessments. This review aims examine expectations messaging parents within broader causal framework.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Preterm growth assessment: the latest findings on age correction DOI Creative Commons
Seham Elmrayed,

Susan Dai,

Abhay Lodha

et al.

Journal of Perinatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

To evaluate the effect of age correction up to 36 months for growth assessments extremely preterm (<28 weeks) and very (28 <32 infants. This longitudinal analysis used data from Preterm Infant Multicenter Growth Study (2001-2014). 1,416 children were included (Median gestational = 27 weeks). Chronological age-based weight, height, head circumference z-scores consistently lower than those based on corrected all ages (0, 4, 8, 21 months) by -5.2 (95% confidence interval -5.4, -5.1) length at term. Using chronological age, higher proportions misclassified as having suboptimal (up 72.9% misdiagnosed stunted 89.8% underweight term). For children, is required measures through age.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Extrauterine growth restriction in very-low-birthweight infants: prevalence and concordance according to Fenton, Olsen, and INTERGROWTH-21st growth charts in a multicenter Spanish cohort DOI Creative Commons
Clara González López, Gonzalo Solís Sánchez, Belén Fernández‐Colomer

et al.

European Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 183(9), P. 4073 - 4083

Published: July 3, 2024

Abstract Multiple criteria and growth references have been proposed for extrauterine restriction (EUGR). We hypothesized that these may impact the diagnosis of EUGR. The objective was to evaluate prevalence EUGR with its different definitions concordance according Fenton, Olsen, INTERGROWTH-21st in very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants. This is an observational, retrospective, multicenter study including VLBW infants from Spanish SEN1500 Network 2011 2020. Patients major congenital anomalies, embryopathies, gestational age less than 24 weeks were excluded. calculated at discharge cross-sectional, longitudinal, “true” longitudinal definitions. Concordance assessed Fleiss’ kappa coefficient. 23582 77 NICUs included. In total, 50.4% men a median 29 (4) weeks. (cross-sectional, “true”) variable weight, length, head circumference. Overall, higher Fenton lower Olsen (cross-sectional cross-sectional) (longitudinal longitudinal). Agreement among charts by weight good only cross-sectional moderate longitudinal. or very length Conclusions : most commonly used cohort. all except choice reference chart can establishment What known: • has defined literature daily practice considering circumference multiple definition) Different new: Prevalence depending on definition our cohort For frequently used, traditionally definition.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Short- and longer-term growth and development of fat mass in preterm infants DOI
Shipra Jain, Belal Alshaikh, Seham Elmrayed

et al.

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101636 - 101636

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Bone mineral density deficits in individuals born preterm persist through young adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of DXA studies DOI
Brittany M. Wilson, Adam B. Wilson,

M. Kraemer

et al.

Bone, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 117519 - 117519

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Evaluating Prevalence of Preterm Postnatal Growth Faltering Using Fenton 2013 and INTERGROWTH-21st Growth Charts with Logistic and Machine Learning Models DOI Open Access
Ioanna Kakatsaki,

Nicolina Hilda Anagnostatou,

Theano Roumeliotaki

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1726 - 1726

Published: May 20, 2025

Background/Objectives: Postnatal growth faltering (PGF) significantly affects premature neonates, leading to compromised neurodevelopment and an increased risk of long-term health complications. Methods: This retrospective study at a level III NICU tertiary hospital analyzed 650 preterm neonates born before 33 weeks. was evaluated using the Fenton2013 INTERGROWTH-21st charts, with changes in weight z-scores from birth discharge classified as normal (ΔZ ≥ −1), non-severe PGF (−2 ≤ ΔZ < severe −2). Results: Mean gestational postmenstrual age 30 weeks (SD 1.9) 37.1 2.7), respectively. curves revealed higher prevalence (43% 14.6%) compared (24.5% 10.3%). A more rapid establishment full enteral feeds strongly associated reduced both charts (p 0.001), shorter hospitalization. Late-onset sepsis PGF, while being small for (SGA) protective against across 0.001). trend decreasing noted over years, most probably attributed implementation updated nutritional guidelines. Interestingly, when machine learning classification models were our Greek cohort, notable decline predictive accuracy depending on standard applied observed. Conclusions: Our highlights need standardizing definition attempt enhance management further investigate impacts interventions growth, neurodevelopment, overall outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Association of Neonatal Morbidities and Postnatal Growth Faltering in Preterm Neonates DOI Open Access
Justyna Rogulska, Tanis R. Fenton, Tomasz Szczapa

et al.

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 235 - 235

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Postnatal growth faltering (PGF) is a risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment in very preterm neonates. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine which infants’ baseline characteristics, prenatal factors and neonatal morbidities are associated with two definitions PGF: defined as loss >2 weight z-scores (severe PGF) or >1 weight, length, head circumference between birth discharge (complex PGF); Methods: 146 premature newborns (<32 weeks gestational age, <1500 g) were included the study. Anonymized data including anthropometric measurements (weight, circumference), perinatal (demographics, maternal previous pregnancies, morbidities) extracted from clinical electronic database. Changes age- sex-specific using Fenton 2013 charts calculated diagnose severe PGF complex PGF; Results: incidence 11% 24%. Both bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy prematurity (ROP), longer respiratory support, hospital stay. Severe surgical necrotizing enterocolitis at 25% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.001. Complex brain injury 51% versus 27%, 0.007. more common born most prematurely, while small age (SGA); Conclusions: several important morbidities, might explain why suboptimal neurodevelopment. Appropriate early identification faltered may influence medical nutrition interventions turn could improve outcome newborns.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Different Catch-Up Growth Patterns in Very Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants DOI
Yang Li,

Jialin Wen,

Qianqian Jiang

et al.

Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

This study aimed to describe the growth pattern in preterm infants and identify factors influencing catch-up growth. A total of 288 were divided into groups based on degree prematurity, sex, size for gestational age. Growth head circumference, length, weight-for-length, weight was compared between at corrected age 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months. Logistic regression analysis conducted determine risk At a months, proportions with z-scores less than -2 expected 2.3% 0.9%, 1.7%, 2.1%, respectively. The ages months lower small (SGA) group non-SGA (

Language: Английский

Citations

0
What Is Normal Growth? Principles, Practicalities and Pitfalls of Growth Assessments in Infants and Children DOI
Tanis R. Fenton, Nicole Gilbert, Seham Elmrayed

et al.

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 11

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Background:: Growth assessments are a pillar of public health surveillance, individual screening, and clinical care. Normal growth is defined differently for individuals versus populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were developed to describe the pattern in healthy children without socioeconomic limitations whose mothers planned breastfeed. standards’ cut-off points ±2 standard deviations (z-scores) population assessments, based on attained size, stunting wasting at lower end overweight higher end. In population, one would expect 2.3% be above below these cut-points. Higher child mortality rates associated with noted observational studies validated WHO cut-offs. There knowledge gaps influencing accuracy effectiveness children, posing challenges care providers. Summary:: principles assessing normal preterm infants reviewed, along pitfalls avoided. determined by genetics modified interplay nutritional, environmental, socioeconomic, possibly intergenerational factors. This complexity reflected both level. However, an has unique-specific factors so requires comprehensive assessment. could as progression changes anthropometric measurements achieve individual’s genetic potential. A misdiagnosis faltering can occur if asses one-time rather than serial measures, age not corrected prematurity. provider sensitivity cognizance when communicating about child’s size important parental reassurance avoiding stigma unnecessary pressures or restrictions around feeding.

Language: Английский

Citations

0