Possible Combinatorial Utilization of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles for Wound Healing and Regeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10353 - 10353

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Organ and tissue damage can result from injury disease. How to facilitate regeneration has been a topic for centuries, still, we are trying find agents use treatments. Two groups of biological substances known wound healing. Phytochemicals with bioactive properties form one group. Many phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory effects enhance Recent studies described their at the gene protein expression levels, highlighting receptors signaling pathways involved. The extremely large number multiple types they activate suggest broad range applicability clinical use. hydrophobic nature many difficulty chemical stabilization problem. developments in biotechnology nanotechnology methods enabling researchers overcome these problems. other group is extracellular vesicles (EVs), which now important functions, including improvement proteins nanoparticles contained mammalian EVs as well specificity targets microRNAs included becoming clear. Plant-derived found contain phytochemicals. overlap wound-healing capabilities both differences possibility combinatorial two groups, may effects.

Language: Английский

---

Mechanism of osteoarthritis treatment in exosomes

Chinese Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

To the Editor: As population aging accelerates, osteoarthritis (OA) has emerged as a major cause of disability among elderly, significantly increasing social burden.[1] OA is recognized chronic, progressive joint disease resulting from wear and tear articular cartilage. This degeneration can lead to histological structural changes in joints, ultimately causing comprehensive impairment function.[2] features complex pathological mechanism, making thorough understanding its pathogenesis or key signaling pathway molecules essential for effective treatment. The etiology progression involve multiple tissues surrounding including subchondral bone, synovium, capsule, periarticular muscles, sensory nerve endings, meniscus.[3] Exosomes are vesicles with bilayer lipid membrane structure that widely distributed body fluids. They capable transmitting genetic information donor cells facilitating intercellular communication. Characterized by their low immunogenicity high transport efficiency, exosomes play role modulating inflammatory responses transporting molecules. These vesicles, released various cell types, carry functional molecules, proteins RNA. crucial numerous biological processes, such cellular signaling, immune responses, other activities.[4] mediate communication between different types vivo translocating biologically active lipids, proteins, RNAs, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) long (lncRNAs).[5,6] Some scholars identified nine differentially expressed miRNAs synovial fluid-derived healthy patients based on miRNA expression profiles Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. used reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) verify miR-130 b-3 p miR-1271- 5 were upregulated. Therefore, these two may chondrocytes OA.[7] In addition, regulate activities involved process through autocrine paracrine functions. However, exact mechanism which influence treatment not yet fully understood. Increasing evidence suggests significant [Figure 1].Figure 1: Schematic presentation exosome formation, release, transmission, well application OA. ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; ILVs: Intraluminal vesicles; OA: Osteoarthritis.Current studies mainly focus effects OA-related inflammation, cartilage excessive death, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, intra-articular neovascularization.[8,9] Furthermore, several have concentrated epigenetic regulation OA, examining specific roles identifying potential molecular targets treatment.[10] Scholars suggested derived stem contribute chondrocyte proliferation migration while inhibiting apoptosis production pro-inflammatory markers.[11] sources only serve drug carriers but also an intrinsic reducing local inflammation Researchers demonstrated reduce M1 macrophage infiltration promoting recruitment M2 macrophages defects synovium aids downregulating interleukin-1β (IL-1β) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression, alleviating OA.[12] researchers discovered bone marrow mesenchymal cell-derived (MSC-Exos) ferroptosis preventing ferroptosis, enhancing glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 1/chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (GOT1/CCR2), improves mouse models.[13] Moreover, injection activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4-OA-Exos) partially restore autophagy inhibit apoptosis, thereby protecting suppressing OA.[14] During produce matrix-degrading enzymes metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) disintegrin thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS5), target aggregated proteoglycans degradation exacerbate destruction biomechanical biochemical disrupt homeostasis, leading condition includes space narrowing, destruction, loss. help counteract reshaping secretion ECM. achieve this upregulating type II collagen (COL II), aggregating proteoglycans, sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9), MMP13.[15] Additionally, some modulate regulating T activation differentiation B function. Simultaneously, abnormal angiogenesis normalize uncoupled remodeling hypertrophic vessel formation effectively OA.[16] Compared traditional nanocarriers, natural nanomaterials, engineered efficient safe delivery cell-free therapy using faces many challenges, technical difficulties large-scale production, control stability, storage methods, quality control. While repair, further research needed optimize enrichment methods. A recent study highlights magnetic polysaccharide hydrogel particles combined microcarriers synergistically treat combination anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium (DS), microcarriers, shown synergistic relieving symptoms repair.[17] What's more, advancements nanomedicine, into methods micro- nano-particles, hydrogels carriers, gradually increasing. Recent revealed surface modifications, chemical engineering, exhibit enhanced targeting capabilities. modifications increase concentration, toxicity, improve engineering capabilities exosomes. result, better equipped overcome dense barrier more precise therapeutic treating OA.[18] Due availability variety widespread distribution throughout organism, pathways alleviate years, prominent challenging accurately delivering substrates sites efficacy. mechanisms exert reversing given complexity researches provide new insights theoretical foundations future Funding project was supported National Natural Science Funder China (No. 82302758), Postdoctoral Foundation 2023M731419), Jiangsu Program Excellent Talent 2022ZB896), Yangzhou Key Laboratory Orthopedics YZ2023249). Conflicts interest None.

Language: Английский

---

Application of exosomes for the regeneration of skin wounds: Principles, recent applications and limitations

Tissue and Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 102611 - 102611

Published: Nov. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Exosomal miR‐155‐5p Facilitates Lipopolysaccharide Transport and Foam Cell Formation: A Novel Link Between Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis

Journal of Periodontal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

ABSTRACT Aim To investigate the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis and miR‐155‐5p‐enriched exosomes in formation foam cells occurrence carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). Methods The CAS tissue samples plasma healthy control group or patients undergoing periodontitis without with were collected at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. expression level miR‐155‐5p was evaluated by immunofluorescent analysis qRT‐PCR. Oil red O staining lipid accumulation assays performed to explore effects LPS on mouse macrophage Raw264.7 human monocytes THP‐1. levels lipid‐regulated genes detected Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay DET1 overexpressed inhibited used verify target exosomal miR‐155‐5p. ApoE −/− mice confirm auxo‐action vivo, LAL detect content. Results higher than those CAS. significantly increased tissues compared Normal tissues, associated tissues. MiR‐155‐5p‐enriched accelerated macrophage‐like promoted activity lipid‐accumulation targeting . In mice, circulating captured LPS, LPS‐laden conferred access for triggering Conclusion enriched capture escort atherosclerotic sites, licensing thus promoting

Language: Английский

---

Critical roles of extracellular vesicles in periodontal disease and regeneration

Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolutionarily conserved communication mediators that play key roles in the development of periodontal disease as well regeneration processes. This concise review first outlines pathogenic mechanisms through which EVs derived from bacteria lead to progression periodontitis, with a focus on enrichment virulence factors, amplification immune responses, and induction bone destruction aspects influenced by bacterial EVs. aims elucidate positive effects mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) tissue regeneration. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties MSC-EVs their impact intricate interplay between MSCs various cells, including macrophages, dendritic T described. Moreover, recent advancements regarding repair-promoting functions detailed, highlighting underlying ability promote osteogenesis, cementogenesis, angiogenesis, homing thus contributing significantly Furthermore, this provides insights into therapeutic efficacy treating periodontitis within clinical context. By summarizing current knowledge, provide comprehensive understanding how can be harnessed for treatment diseases. Finally, discussion is presented challenges lie ahead potential practical implications translating EV-based therapies practices periodontitis.

Language: Английский

---

Treatment of Severe Periodontitis using Exosome-Mediated Combination Therapies: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Objectives: Exosomes are essential mediators/communicators of tissue repair via well-established mechanisms action that include stimulatory effects on angiogenesis and cellular proliferation, differentiation, matrix biosynthesis. This pioneering clinical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness exosomes specifically designed for periodontal regeneration (Periosomes) mixed with 90% anorganic bovine bone/10% collagen (ABBMC), horizontal platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) treatment advanced osseous defects at 6 months healing. Materials Methods: This retrospective cohort analyzed medical records stage-III (severe) periodontitis patients (from poor hopeless prognosis) who underwent surgery using Periosomes. Eligible received standardized an ABBC scaffold, H-PRF, Periosomes a six-month follow-up. Complete charting, including probing depth (PD), gingival margin (GM), bleeding (BOP), attachment loss (CAL), index (GI), plaque (PI), tooth mobility, were assessed baseline Pre post-surgery radiographs utilized assess defect bone fill percentages. All data statistically associations age, sex, effects, applying log transformations correlations where needed. Significance was determined p < 0.05. Results: The included 13 (8 females 5 males) aged 29 73 years, one-walled (60.9%) two-walled (39.1%) defects. Healing uneventful in all patients. The sites treated showed significant reductions PD from (8.50 ± 2.41 mm 3.14 0.77; p<0.0001) (7.56 1.13 3.22 0.44; as well CAL 9.14 3.01 4.79 2.17 (p<0.0001) 7.22 1.56 3.56 1.01 ( Radiographic averaged 79.5% 86.5% defects, improved BOP values but one patient. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is first human assessing use regenerative therapy. demonstrated exosomes/ABBMC/H-PRF safe effective Clinical relevance: intrabony prognosis results demonstrating successful radiograph parameters.

Language: Английский

---