Combatting global grassland degradation

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(10), P. 720 - 735

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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A global meta-analysis on the ecological drivers of forest restoration success

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 19, 2016

Abstract Two billion ha have been identified globally for forest restoration. Our meta-analysis encompassing 221 study landscapes worldwide reveals restoration enhances biodiversity by 15–84% and vegetation structure 36–77%, compared with degraded ecosystems. For the first time, we identify main ecological drivers of success (defined as a return to reference condition, that is, old-growth forest) at both local landscape scale. These are follows: time elapsed since began, disturbance type context. The began strongly drives in secondary forests, but not selectively logged forests (which more ecologically similar systems). Landscape will be most successful when previous is less intensive habitat fragmented landscape. Restoration does result full recovery structure, can complement if there sufficient succession.

Language: Английский

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Contemporary forest restoration: A review emphasizing function

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 331, P. 292 - 323

Published: Aug. 23, 2014

Language: Английский

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Advances in restoration ecology: rising to the challenges of the coming decades

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1 - 25

Published: Aug. 1, 2015

Simultaneous environmental changes challenge biodiversity persistence and human wellbeing. The science practice of restoration ecology, in collaboration with other disciplines, can contribute to overcoming these challenges. This endeavor requires a solid conceptual foundation based empirical research which confronts, tests influences theoretical developments. We review developments ecology over the last 30 years. frame our context changing goals reflect increased societal awareness scale degradation recognition that inter‐disciplinary approaches are needed tackle problems. Restoration now encompasses facilitative interactions network dynamics, trophic cascades, above‐ belowground linkages. It operates non‐equilibrium, alternative states framework, at landscape scale, response environmental, economic social conditions. Progress has been marked by advances fields trait‐environment relationships, community assembly, understanding links between ecosystem functioning. Conceptual practical have enhanced applying evolving technologies, including treatments increase seed germination overcome recruitment bottlenecks, high throughput DNA sequencing elucidate soil structure function, satellite technology GPS tracking monitor habitat use. synthesis technologies systematic reviews dependencies success, model analyses consideration complex socio‐ecological systems will allow generalizations inform evidence interventions. Ongoing challenges include setting realistic, socially acceptable for under conditions, prioritizing actions an increasingly space‐competitive world. Ethical questions also surround use genetically modified material, translocations, taxon substitutions, de‐extinction, ecology. Addressing issues, as Ecological Society America looks its next century, require current future generations researchers practitioners, economists, engineers, philosophers, architects, scientists ecologists, work together communities governments rise coming decades.

Language: Английский

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The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6595), P. 839 - 844

Published: March 17, 2022

Forest restoration is being scaled up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits; however, there a lack of rigorous comparison cobenefit delivery across different approaches. Through global synthesis, we used 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries assess how climate, soil, water, wood production services, addition biodiversity, compares range tree plantations native forests. Benefits aboveground carbon storage, water provisioning, especially soil erosion control are better delivered by forests, with compositionally simpler, younger drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, exhibit an advantage production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental goals that policy-makers must navigate meeting forest commitments.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Restoration of Streams and Rivers: Shifting Strategies and Shifting Goals

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 247 - 269

Published: Oct. 8, 2014

Ecological restoration has grown rapidly and now encompasses not only classic ecological theory but also utilitarian concerns, such as preparedness for climate change provisioning of ecosystem services. Three dominant perspectives compete to influence the science practice river restoration. A strong focus on channel morphology led approaches that involve major Earth-moving activities, reconfiguration with unmet assumption recovery will follow. Functional aim regain full suite biogeochemical, ecological, hydrogeomorphic processes make up a healthy river, though there is well-accepted support this, research methods implement assess functional projects in its infancy. plethora new studies worldwide provide data why how rivers are being restored well project outcomes. Measurable improvements postrestoration vary by method measure outcome.

Language: Английский

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Making the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration a Social-Ecological Endeavour

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 20 - 28

Published: Sept. 18, 2020

The United Nations (UN) recently declared 2021 to 2030 the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Against this background, we review recent social-ecological systems research and summarize key themes that could help improve ecosystem restoration in dynamic social contexts. relate resilience adaptability, stewardship navigation of change, relational values, coevolution human ecological systems, long-range connections, leverage points for transformation. We recommend two cross-cutting new foci; namely: (i) post hoc cross-sectional assessments projects; (ii) transdisciplinary 'living labs' accompany projects as they unfold. With global agendas increasingly taking a perspective, recasting endeavor offers exciting opportunities both practice.

Language: Английский

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Restorative and regenerative: Exploring the concepts in the circular economy

Journal of Industrial Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 763 - 773

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Abstract The most recognized definition of the circular economy is that it a restorative and regenerative economy. Despite wide use importance attributed to concepts “restoration” “regeneration,” they are rarely defined or explained in literature. In this context, study critically examines two terms, while providing guidance on their future utilization development. Specifically, investigates origin concepts, adoption frameworks anticipated idea economy, connotations examination supports need for clear distinct definitions, combined with precision usage. From review literature, restoration better‐defined concept than regeneration, although needs conceptual re‐enforcement relative biological/ecological aspects This suggests looking direction ecology, well‐established branch ecological research. Conversely, regeneration symbolic/evocative term little practical application context systems except case certain agricultural practices. Until new developments intervene, does not seem be applicable as whole because this, might abandoned guiding principle Unlike can considered core has widespread point reference applications. preclude possibility other may needed augment restoration.

Language: Английский

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A review of the use of direct seeding and seedling plantings in restoration: what do we know and where should we go?

Applied Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 561 - 568

Published: June 13, 2015

Abstract Questions To select the best method to restore an ecosystem requires understanding of various outcomes commonly achieved through different restoration techniques. What results in most timely and cost‐effective means reinstating biodiversity restoring functions services? Methods We explored efficacy costs two re‐vegetation techniques used restoration: direct seeding planting seedlings. Our analysis focused on 120 scientific peer‐reviewed publications reporting experiments using seeds or seedlings, encompassed a range ecosystems such as wetlands, savannas forests. examined current issues, including species diversity, survival, selection, how future climate change may influence efforts. Results Direct more than seedling studies, yet showed lower survivorship. Species availability is major constraint selection which were used, regardless approach employed. Although are extremely important when planning project, few published findings report economic aspects restoration. Further, we did not find any study addressing impacts global programmes studies should consider shifts environment. Conclusions highlight need for explore species. Restoration efforts detailed that includes time frames costs. scenarios will affect

Language: Английский

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Factors shaping urban greenspace provision: A systematic review of the literature

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 82 - 101

Published: June 8, 2018

Language: Английский

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