Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
159, P. 105603 - 105603
Published: Feb. 24, 2024
Addiction
poses
significant
social,
health,
and
criminal
issues.
Its
moderate
heritability
early-life
impact,
affecting
reproductive
success,
an
evolutionary
paradox:
why
are
humans
predisposed
to
addictive
behaviours?
This
paper
reviews
biological
psychological
mechanisms
of
substance
behavioural
addictions,
exploring
explanations
for
the
origin
function
relevant
systems.
Ancestrally,
addiction-related
systems
promoted
fitness
through
reward-seeking,
possibly
self-medication.
Today,
psychoactive
substances
disrupt
these
systems,
leading
individuals
neglect
essential
life
goals
immediate
satisfaction.
Behavioural
addictions
(e.g.
video
games,
social
media)
often
emulate
ancestrally
beneficial
behaviours,
making
them
appealing
yet
irrelevant
contemporary
success.
Evolutionary
insights
have
implications
how
addiction
is
criminalised
stigmatised,
propose
novel
avenues
interventions,
anticipate
new
sources
from
emerging
technologies
such
as
AI.
The
potential
glucagon-like
peptide
1
(GLP-1)
agonists
targeting
obesity
suggest
satiation
system
may
be
a
natural
counter
overactivation
reward
system.
Language: Английский
Modelling the longitudinal associations between schizotypy and aberrant salience: The role of mentalization and attachment
Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 21, 2025
This
study
investigates
the
role
of
mentalization
and
attachment
in
development
schizotypy
into
aberrant
salience.
Specifically,
we
examine
how
disruptions
these
socio-cognitive
capacities
interact
with
multidimensional
to
influence
self-fragmentation,
emotional
instability
social
detachment.
Study
variables
were
measured
using
self-report
scales.
A
two-wave
cohort
design
was
implemented
a
9-month
assessment
interval.
The
cross-sectional
longitudinal
associations
between
mentalizing,
attachment,
negative
affect,
salience
estimated
network
modelling.
involved
312
participants
aged
18-37
years,
77%
identifying
as
female
57%
receiving
mental
health
treatment
during
follow-up
period.
Results
indicated
that
mentalizing
capacity
central
linking
concurrent
psychosis
risk
served
temporal
bridge
connecting
multiple
dimensions
risk.
Mentalizing
difficulties
can
heighten
by
maintaining
affective
dysregulation
consolidating
schizotypy.
results
may
be
influenced
potential
sampling
errors,
analyses
stability
accuracy.
Interventions
promoting
attenuate
Language: Английский
Phenomenological psychopathology meets machine learning: A multicentric retrospective study (Mu.St.A.R.D.) targeting the role of Aberrant Salience assessment in psychosis detection
Schizophrenia Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
281, P. 147 - 156
Published: May 8, 2025
Language: Английский
Transdiagnostic markers across the psychosis continuum: a systematic review and meta-analysis of resting state fMRI studies
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: June 4, 2024
Psychotic
symptoms
are
among
the
most
debilitating
and
challenging
presentations
of
severe
psychiatric
diseases,
such
as
schizophrenia,
schizoaffective,
bipolar
disorder.
A
pathophysiological
understanding
intrinsic
brain
activity
underlying
psychosis
is
crucial
to
improve
diagnosis
treatment.
While
a
potential
continuum
along
psychotic
spectrum
has
been
recently
described
in
neuroimaging
studies,
especially
for
what
concerns
absolute
relative
amplitude
low-frequency
fluctuations
(ALFF
fALFF),
these
efforts
have
given
heterogeneous
results.
transdiagnostic
meta-analysis
ALFF/fALFF
patients
with
compared
healthy
controls
currently
lacking.
Therefore,
this
pre-registered
systematic
review
PubMed,
Scopus,
Embase
were
searched
articles
comparing
between
controls.
quantitative
synthesis
differences
(f)ALFF
was
performed
Seed-based
d
Mapping,
adjusting
age,
sex,
duration
illness,
clinical
severity.
All
results
corrected
multiple
comparisons
by
Family-Wise
Error
rates.
lower
ALFF
fALFF
detected
comparison
controls,
no
specific
finding
survived
correction
comparisons.
Lack
might
explain
discordant
findings
highlighted
previous
literature.
Other
explanations
include
methodological
issues,
lack
standardization
pre-processing
or
analytical
procedures
studies.
Future
research
on
should
prioritize
replicability
individual
Systematic
registration
https://osf.io/
,
identifier
(ycqpz).
Language: Английский
Creative behavior, psychopathology, and salience processing: a case–control study of Italian artists from the Florence Academy of Fine Arts
Frontiers in Psychology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: May 12, 2025
Creative
behavior
has
been
associated
with
psychopathological
traits,
particularly
in
the
psychotic
spectrum.
Aberrant
salience,
a
transdiagnostic
feature
of
psychosis
vulnerability,
may
influence
creative
process.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
differences
between
artists
and
non-artists
aberrant
creativity,
personality
psychopathology.
The
sample
consisted
123
adults
(58
artists,
65
controls)
who
completed
self-report
measures,
including
Salience
Inventory
(ASI),
Big
Five
(BFI),
Obsessive
Beliefs
Questionnaire
(OBS),
Remote
Associates
Test
(RAT),
Anagram
Task
(ANAG).
Statistical
analyses
included
Mann-Whitney
U
tests
for
group
comparisons,
Spearman
correlations,
regression
analyses.
Artists
showed
significantly
higher
openness
experience,
obsessive
beliefs,
lower
scores
on
RAT
ANAG
compared
controls.
Regression
revealed
that
ASI
were
predicted
by
greater
Openness
Conscientiousness
religiosity.
These
findings
suggest
have
propensity
altered
salience
experiences,
which
contribute
their
endeavors.
strong
association
experience
indicates
traits
expression
vulnerability.
Religiosity's
role
predicting
highlights
impact
cultural
spiritual
beliefs
perceptual
experiences.
By
identifying
these
associations,
this
contributes
evaluating
risk
populations
psychosis.
exhibiting
high
represent
subgroup
heightened
underscoring
importance
early
detection
intervention
strategies
within
communities.
Language: Английский
Creative Minds: Altered Salience as a Bridge Between Creativity and Psychosis, a Case–Control Study
The Journal of Creative Behavior,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 17, 2024
ABSTRACT
Prior
studies
suggest
a
multifaceted
relationship
between
creativity
and
psychopathology,
indicating
that
mild
psychopathology
might
enhance
creative
behavior.
Moreover,
similar
brain
regions
may
be
implicated
in
both
psychosis.
Although
aberrant
salience
(AS)
is
often
associated
with
psychotic
disorders,
it
could
also
capabilities.
This
study
assesses
alterations
among
healthy
individuals,
artists,
patients
psychosis
to
investigate
its
influence
on
creativity.
Three
groups
were
studied:
196
controls,
50
artists
from
Florence
Academy
of
Fine
Arts,
84
outpatients
diagnosis
They
assessed
the
Aberrant
Salience
Inventory
(ASI).
We
compared
ASI
scores
using
ANOVA,
followed
by
post‐hoc
t
‐tests,
adjusted
for
age,
gender,
education
through
ANCOVA.
The
ANOVA
revealed
significant
differences
groups,
displaying
notably
higher
than
controls
patients.
ANCOVA
confirmed
group
membership
was
factor
influencing
scores,
while
not.
Additionally,
antipsychotic
treatment
did
not
significantly
impact
Rather
an
unequivocal
marker
pathology,
AS
interpreted
as
anthropological
asset,
enhancing
faculties
alongside
unique
perceptual
experiences.
Education
help
individuals
channeling
their
mechanisms
art.
Language: Английский
Introducing the ASI-NPI project: preliminary analysis of a study exploring the role of cannabis, salience alterations and youth in determining psychotic symptoms severity
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 20, 2023
Abstract
the
present
paper
describes
preliminary
results
of
a
study
centered
on
effect
salience
alterations
and
cannabis
use
intensity
psychotic
symptoms
in
adolescent
adult
cohorts.
The
exploratory
analysis
focused
cross-sectional
scores
at
psychometric
questionnaires
64
participants
allocated
to
4
different
subgroups.
A
hierarchical
pattern
psychopathology
measures
was
observed
subgroups,
with
Psychotic
patients
scoring
higher
several
domains
than
other
from
Psychiatric
Neurologic
Units;
turn,
adolescents
reported
more
severe
Positive
Negative
Syndrome
Scale
subscales
(p-value:
<
0.05)
when
compared
one,
while
no
significant
difference
exposure
or
Aberrant
Salience
Inventory
0.22).
These
suggest
that
aberrant
and,
lesser
degree,
might
play
role
determining
severity,
especially
at-risk
life
phases.
Public
Significance
Statement
:
displays
how
younger
lead
intensified
symptoms,
exploring
parallel
psychopathological
explaining
layout
wider
project.
this
equation
is
still
be
clarified.
Language: Английский