Root plasticity under abiotic stress

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 187(3), P. 1057 - 1070

Published: Aug. 30, 2021

Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten existing ecological and agricultural systems across the globe. Plant roots perceive these in soil adapt their architecture accordingly. This review provides insights into recent discoveries showing importance of root system (RSA) plasticity for survival development plants under heat, cold, drought, salt, flooding stress. In addition, we molecular regulation hormonal pathways involved controlling RSA plasticity, main growth, branching lateral hair development, formation adventitious roots. Several affect anatomy by causing aerenchyma formation, lignin suberin deposition, Casparian strip modulation. Roots can also actively grow toward favorable conditions avoid environments detrimental to development. Recent advances understanding cellular mechanisms behind different tropisms are discussed. Understanding will be instrumental crops that resilient face abiotic

Language: Английский

---

Coordination between microbiota and root endodermis supports plant mineral nutrient homeostasis

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 371(6525)

Published: Nov. 20, 2020

Plant roots and animal guts have evolved specialized cell layers to control mineral nutrient homeostasis. These must tolerate the resident microbiota while keeping homeostatic integrity. Whether how root diffusion barriers in endodermis, which are critical for balance of plants, coordinate with is unknown. We demonstrate that genes controlling endodermal function model plant Arabidopsis thaliana contribute microbiome assembly. characterized a regulatory mechanism differentiation driven by profound effects on Furthermore, we this linked microbiota's capacity repress responses phytohormone abscisic acid root. Our findings establish endodermis as hub coordinating assembly mechanisms.

Language: Английский

---

Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1936 - 1936

Published: Nov. 30, 2021

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth development under non-stressed conditions. This review summarizes phenotypes biosynthesis signaling mutants clarify the roles basal development. The promotive inhibitive actions are characterized by stunted enhanced ABA-deficient insensitive mutants, respectively. Growth regulation is both inhibitive, depending on context, such as concentrations, tissues, environmental Basal local hyponastic growth, skotomorphogenesis lateral root growth. At cellular level, essential for proper chloroplast biogenesis, central metabolism, expression cell-cycle genes. also epidermis shoot, inhibiting stomatal development, deposition hydrophobic polymers like a cuticular wax layer covering leaf surface. root, involved xylem differentiation suberization endodermis. Hormone crosstalk key developmental processes regulated ABA. Phenotypes indicate prominent functions

Language: Английский

---

Suberin plasticity to developmental and exogenous cues is regulated by a set of MYB transcription factors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(39)

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

Suberin is a hydrophobic biopolymer that can be deposited at the periphery of cells, forming protective barriers against biotic and abiotic stress. In roots, suberin forms lamellae endodermal cells where it plays crucial roles in control water mineral transport. formation highly regulated by developmental environmental cues. However, mechanisms controlling its spatiotemporal regulation are poorly understood. Here, we show independently exogenous signals to fine-tune deposition roots. We found set four MYB transcription factors (MYB41, MYB53, MYB92, MYB93), each which individually these two sufficient promote suberin. Mutation simultaneously through genome editing leads dramatic reduction response both signals. Most mutants analyzed physiological levels also affected another barrier made lignin (Casparian strips) compensatory mechanism. Through functional analysis MYBs, generated plants allowing unbiased investigation function, without accounting for confounding effects due Casparian strip defects, were able unravel specific nutrient homeostasis.

Language: Английский

---

Suberin Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Regulation

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 555 - 555

Published: Feb. 19, 2022

Suberin is a specialized cell wall modifying polymer comprising both phenolic-derived and fatty acid-derived monomers, which deposited in below-ground dermal tissues (epidermis, endodermis, periderm) above-ground periderm (i.e., bark). Suberized cells are largely impermeable to water provide critical protective layer preventing loss pathogen infection. The deposition of suberin part the skin maturation process important tuber crops such as potato can affect storage longevity. Historically, term “suberin” has been used describe polyester aliphatic monomers (fatty acids, ω-hydroxy α,ω-dioic 1-alkanols), hydroxycinnamic glycerol. However, exhaustive alkaline hydrolysis, removes esterified aliphatics phenolics from suberized tissue, reveals core poly(phenolic) macromolecule, depolymerization yields not found polyester. Time course analysis deposition, at transcriptional metabolite levels, supports temporal regulation with being polymerized into domain advance bulk poly(aliphatics) that characterize cells. In present review, we summarize literature describing monomer biosynthesis speculate on aspects assembly. addition, highlight recent advances our understanding how suberization may be regulated, including phytohormone, transcription factor, protein scaffold levels.

Language: Английский

---

A suberized exodermis is required for tomato drought tolerance

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 118 - 130

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Plant roots integrate environmental signals with development using exquisite spatiotemporal control. This is apparent in the deposition of suberin, an apoplastic diffusion barrier, which regulates flow water, solutes and gases, environmentally plastic. Suberin considered a hallmark endodermal differentiation but absent tomato endodermis. Instead, suberin present exodermis, cell type that model organism Arabidopsis thaliana . Here we demonstrate regulatory network has same parts driving production exodermis Despite this co-option components, undergone rewiring to drive distinct spatial expression contributions specific genes. Functional genetic analyses MYB92 transcription factor ASFT enzyme importance exodermal for plant water-deficit response barrier serves equivalent function endodermis can act its place.

Language: Английский

---

Orthologous marker groups reveal broad cell identity conservation across plant single-cell transcriptomes

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely used in plant biology and a powerful tool for studying cell identity differentiation. However, the scarcity of known cell-type marker genes divergence expression patterns limit accuracy identification our capacity to investigate conservation many species. To tackle this challenge, we devise novel computational strategy called Orthologous Marker Gene Groups (OMGs), which can identify types both model non-model species allows rapid comparison across published single-cell maps. Our method does not require cross-species data integration, while still accurately determining inter-species cellular similarities. We validate by analyzing from with well-annotated maps, show methods capture majority manually annotated types. The robustness further demonstrated its ability pertinently map clusters 1 million cells, 268 15 diverse reveal 14 dominant groups substantial shared markers monocots dicots. facilitate use broad research community, launch user-friendly web-based OMG browser, simplifies process datasets biologists. A Ortho-Marker (OMGs) was developed enable single data. revealed conserved accessible via browser.

Language: Английский

---

Regulation of a Cytochrome P450 Gene CYP94B1 by WRKY33 Transcription Factor Controls Apoplastic Barrier Formation in Roots to Confer Salt Tolerance

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 184(4), P. 2199 - 2215

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Salinity is an environmental stress that causes decline in crop yield. Avicennia officinalis and other mangroves have adaptations such as ultrafiltration at the roots aided by apoplastic cell wall barriers to thrive saline conditions. We studied a cytochrome P450 gene from A. officinalis, AoCYP94B1, its putative ortholog Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AtCYP94B1, which are involved barrier formation. Both genes were induced 30 min of salt treatment roots. Heterologous expression AoCYP94B1 atcyp94b1 mutant wild-type rice (Oryza sativa) conferred increased NaCl tolerance seedlings enhancing root suberin deposition. Histochemical staining gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification precursors confirmed role CYP94B1 biosynthesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation yeast one-hybrid luciferase assays, we identified AtWRKY33 upstream regulator AtCYP94B1 Arabidopsis. In addition, atwrky33 mutants exhibited reduced salt-sensitive phenotypes, rescued expressing 35S::AtCYP94B1 background. This further AtWRKY33-mediated regulation part mechanism. Our findings may help efforts aimed generating salt-tolerant crops.

Language: Английский

---

Blocking intruders: inducible physico-chemical barriers against plant vascular wilt pathogens

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 72(2), P. 184 - 198

Published: Sept. 16, 2020

Xylem vascular wilt pathogens cause devastating diseases in plants. Proliferation of these the xylem causes massive disruption water and mineral transport, resulting severe wilting death infected Upon reaching tissue, multiply profusely, spreading vertically within sap, horizontally between vessels to surrounding tissues. Plant resistance is very complex. One most effective defense responses resistant plants formation physico-chemical barriers tissue. Vertical spread vessel lumen restricted by structural barriers, namely, tyloses gels. Horizontal apoplast healthy tissues prevented coating colonized with lignin suberin. Both vertical horizontal compartmentalize pathogen at infection site contribute their elimination. Induction defenses are tightly coordinated, both temporally spatially, avoid detrimental consequences such as cavitation embolism. We discuss current knowledge on mechanisms underlying plant-inducible against major xylem-colonizing pathogens. This may be applied engineer metabolic pathways compounds specific cells, produce towards colonizers.

Language: Английский

---

Highlighting reactive oxygen species as multitaskers in root development

iScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 101978 - 101978

Published: Dec. 29, 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally produced by several redox reactions during plant regular metabolism such as photosynthesis and respiration. Due to their chemical properties high reactivity, ROS were initially described detrimental for cells oxidative stress. However, they have been further recognized key players in numerous developmental physiological processes throughout the life cycle. Recent studies report important role of growth regulators root meristem maintenance, elongation, lateral root, hair, endodermis, vascular tissue differentiation. All involve multifaceted interplays between steady-state levels with transcriptional regulators, phytohormones, nutrients. In this review, we attempt summarize recent findings about how involved multiple stages development cell proliferation,

Language: Английский

---