Harnessing metabolomics for enhanced crop drought tolerance

The Crop Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Polyamines mediate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on nitrogen reallocation and utilization to regulate grain number in wheat

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(3), P. 1016 - 1035

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Abstract Drought stress poses a serious threat to grain formation in wheat. Nitrogen (N) plays crucial roles plant organ development; however, the physiological mechanisms by which drought affects N availability and mediates of grains spikes winter wheat are still unclear. In this study, we determined that pre-reproductive significantly reduced number fertile florets formed. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated was related metabolism, particular, metabolism pathways arginine (the main precursor for synthesis polyamine) proline. Continuous restricted accumulation reallocation rates, plants preferentially allocated more spike development. As activities amino acid biosynthesis enzymes catabolic were inhibited, free acids accumulated young spikes. The expression polyamine synthase genes down-regulated under stress, whilst encoding enhanced, resulting reductions endogenous spermidine putrescine. Treatment with exogenous optimized allocation leaves, greatly alleviated drought-induced reduction per spike. Overall, our results show numbers regulating redistribution metabolism.

Language: Английский

---

Coordination of carbon assimilation, allocation, and utilization for systemic improvement of cereal yield

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

The growth of yield outputs is dwindling after the first green revolution, which cannot meet demand for projected population increase by mid-century, especially with constant threat from extreme climates. Cereal requires carbon (C) assimilation in source subsequent allocation and utilization sink. However, whether or sink limits improvement, a crucial question strategic orientation future breeding cultivation, still under debate. To narrow knowledge gap capture progress, we focus on maize, rice, wheat briefly reviewing recent advances improvement modulation i) leaf photosynthesis; ii) primary C allocation, phloem loading, unloading; iii) grain storage; iv) systemic sugar signals (e.g., trehalose 6-phosphate). We highlight strategies optimizing to coordinate source-sink relationships promote yields. Finally, based understanding these physiological mechanisms, envisage scenery "smart crop" consisting flexible coordination plant economy, goal resilience field cereals crops.

Language: Английский

---

Advantageous spike-to-stem competition for assimilates contributes to the reduction in grain number loss in wheat spikes under water deficit stress

Agricultural Water Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 108675 - 108675

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of assimilate distribution and sugar metabolism in spike-stem that inhibit formation fertile florets grains per spike winter wheat under pre-reproductive drought stress. Two cultivars, CH58 (relatively strongly tolerant) LH6 weakly tolerant), were subjected successive soil treatments from jointing heading during 2020–2022 growing seasons. The results showed stress intensified degradation abortion florets. Compared CH58, decrease number increased by an average 5.3%−8.0% 8.3%−9.0%, respectively. Drought significantly inhibited 13C-photosynthates spikes (15.7%−24.7%) stems (8.5%−11.7%) booting stage. differentially expressed genes enriched starch sucrose metabolic pathways much higher stem than those CH58. reduced hexose young but fructan concentrations stems. LH6, invertase activity accompanying high expression transporter protein (STP) contributed utilization spikes. Additionally, severe drought, concentration transport proteins (SWEET SUT) improved ability assimilates thus alleviated loss grain spike. Exogenous spermidine optimized allocation after stress, thereby increasing Overall, dominant utilize compete for between contribute resistance stress-induced reduction chemicals can regulate through this pathway, promoting number.

Language: Английский

---

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Insights into Temperature-Dependent Changes in Catechin and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Tea Plants with Different Leaf Colors

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 100705 - 100705

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Influence of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles on Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 617 - 617

Published: March 19, 2024

An approximate revolution synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles has been prepared. For plant growth and development, MgO is essential. The effect efficiency, respectively, in seed germination, seedling growth, were also studied. These analyses examined maize with different concentrations parameters. concentration 500 ppm was tested extreme results areas such as height, protein contents both in-vivo in-vitro, effects shown shoot (12.83 ± 0.5 cm) root (5.37 cm). Maximum confirmations fixed the help NPs characterization through TEM, SEM, FTIR, zeta potential, X-ray. showed a significant increase length, simultaneous studies physiological In effect, vital performance germination rate, index higher than control. Moreover, absorption confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer applied to leaves roots. It demonstrated that influence positive potentially can be used for plants. may bolster farming methods, maintain high food quality, quantity, production.

Language: Английский

---

Differential Transcription Profiling Reveals the MicroRNAs Involved in Alleviating Damage to Photosynthesis under Drought Stress during the Grain Filling Stage in Wheat

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 5518 - 5518

Published: May 18, 2024

To explore the possible novel microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways in Zhengmai 1860, a newly cultivated drought-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, miRNA transcriptome sequencing of flag leaves drought-sensitive variety Zhoumai 18, and drought-resistant Bainong 207 was performed during grain filling stage. We also observed changes chloroplast ultrastructure, phytohormone levels, antioxidant- photosynthesis-related physiological indicators three varieties. The results showed that 1860 had higher chlorophyll contents net photosynthetic rates than those 18 under drought stress stage; addition, structure more complete. However, there no significant difference between 207. MiRNA analysis revealed differential expression miRNAs mRNAs exhibited variable specificity. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated most genes were enriched MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, antennae protein, amino acid carbohydrate metabolism. In cultivar tae-miR408 targeted to regulate allene oxide synthase (AOS) gene, inhibit its expression, reduce AOS content, decrease synthesis jasmonic (JA) abscisic (ABA). this study suggest could improve performance by inhibiting involved JA through conditions. Moreover, multiple may target chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, other related pathways; thus, it is provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding.

Language: Английский

---

Drip irrigation coupled with appropriate N input increased maize (Zea mays L.) yield and lodging resistance via optimizing root and stem trait

European Journal of Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 127298 - 127298

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

---

The Class III Peroxidase gene TaPRX-2A controls grain number per spike in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Some peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in abiotic stress response. However, to the best of our knowledge, effects PRXs on agronomic traits including grain number per spike (GNS), spikelet (SNS) and length (SL) also largely unknown. In study, we cloned a wheat PRX gene TaPRX-2A identified its function controlling GNS by generating transgenic overexpression lines. The results showed that displayed lower shorter SL, compared with wild-type plants. RNA-seq analysis indicated alterations various pathways flavonoid biosynthesis, lignin phytohormone signaling, as well sucrose starch biosynthesis. Co-expression transcription factors, such bHLH, WRKY, bZIP may be regulation genes associated these pathways. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms which regulate traits, illustrating potential applicability crop improvement programs.

Language: Английский

---

Combined transcriptional and metabolomic analysis of flavonoids in the regulation of female flower bud differentiation in Juglans sigillata Dode

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Juglans sigillata Dode is rich in flavonoids, but the low ratio of female to male flower buds limits development J. industry. While abundance flavonoids known, whether influence bud differentiation has not been reported. In this study, we explored regulatory mechanisms gene expression and metabolite accumulation during through integrated transcriptomic metabolomic analyses. Our findings revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis a key pathway influencing differentiation, with metabolites primarily shifting towards isoflavonoid, flavone, flavonol branches. Structural genes such as chalcone synthase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, 3',5'-hydroxylase were identified playing crucial roles. The these promoted which turn influenced by modulating including Suppressor Overexpression Constans1, Constans, Flowering Locus T, APETALA1. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs) highly expressed physiological buds, particularly M-type MADS, WRKY, MYB, positively correlated genes, indicating their significant role regulation production. These results offer valuable insights into highlight plant differentiation.

Language: Английский

---