Emerging frontiers in sorghum genetic engineering

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 121(4)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

SUMMARY Sorghum, a climate‐resilient cereal, is crucial for meeting the growing demand food and feed in arid semi‐arid regions, especially amid global population growth climate change. Despite its natural drought tolerance adaptability, sorghum faces challenges increasing yield, enhancing resistance to abiotic biotic stresses, improving grain quality. Genetic engineering has emerged as powerful tool address these by directly modifying genes associated with desirable traits. Recent advancements have utilized morphogenic regulators improve transformation regeneration efficiency sorghum. This review explores status of genomic resources genetic diversity sorghum, highlighting faced efforts. Genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems, improved key agronomic traits such stress tolerance, nutrient use efficiency, However, significant obstacles still need be addressed, including low rates, high genotype dependency, labor‐intensive processes. We highlight potential strategies overcome barriers, optimizing protocols, exploring alternative explants, using advancing tissue culture techniques. Additionally, we discuss biosafety considerations applications genetically engineered agriculture. underscores ongoing innovation unlock addressing security challenges.

Language: Английский

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Review and Validation of Plant Gene Function Research Methods Bypassing Tissue Culture

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 603 - 603

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

The genetic transformation of plants has provided fundamental insights into plant biology. However, the systems for most horticultural remain incomplete. Genome editing significantly contributed to improvement crop traits, but it heavily relies on effective transformation. Currently, reducing costs and improving efficiency are crucial promoting widespread application genome in plants. Here, we review advances research, performing analysis three methods gene function that bypass tissue culture: Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated root transformation, developmental regulators (DRs)-mediated virus-mediated editing. We analyzed strawberry citrus using A. rhizogenes infiltration method, employing GFP label different subcellular locations investigate morphology microfilaments, nuclei, peroxisomes cells. Sequence revealed a series critical enhancing specific species highly conserved across species. Additionally, successfully edited endogenous Pds Cas9-overexpressing transgenic tobacco TRV CLBV containing gRNA module. These offer benefits being cost-effective time-efficient, providing valuable technical

Language: Английский

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Plant genetic transformation: achievements, current status and future prospects

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 7, 2025

Regeneration represents a fundamental biological process wherein an organism's tissues or organs repair and replace themselves following damage environmental stress. In plant systems, injured tree branches can regenerate adventitious buds develop new crowns through propagation techniques like cuttings canopy pruning, while transgenic plants emerge via tissue culture in genetic engineering processes intimately connected to regeneration mechanisms. The advancement of technology is critical for addressing complex dynamic climate challenges, ultimately ensuring global agricultural sustainability. This review comprehensively synthesizes the latest transformation technologies, including systems across woody, herbaceous algal species, organellar modifications, crucial factors facilitating Agrobacterium-mediated transformations, intricate hormonal networks regulating regeneration, comparative analyses transient approaches marker gene dynamics throughout processes. Ultimately, offers novel perspectives on current bottlenecks proposes future research trajectories.

Language: Английский

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Efficient sorghum and maize transformation using a ternary vector system combined with morphogenic regulators

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 120(5), P. 2076 - 2088

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

SUMMARY Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) is a vital C4 monocotyledon crop cultivated in arid regions worldwide, valued for its significance both human and animal nutrition. Despite agricultural prominence, sorghum research has been hindered by low transformation frequency. In this study, we examined using the pVS1‐VIR2 ternary vector system Agrobacterium , combined with morphogenic genes BABY BOOM WUSCHEL2 selection G418. We optimized ‐mediated infection, targeting key parameters such as bacterial optical density, co‐cultivation time, temperature. Additionally, an excision‐based enabled us to generate transgenic plants free of regulators. The method yielded remarkable frequencies, reaching up 164.8% based on total isolated plantlets. same combination vector, geneticin‐based also resulted marked increase efficiency Zea mays (maize) inbred line B104. potential genomic editing approach positions it valuable tool development maize varieties that comply evolving European regulations. Our work marks significant stride biotechnology holds promise addressing global food security challenges changing climate.

Language: Английский

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New strategies to advance plant transformation

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 103241 - 103241

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Plants are an important source of food, energy, and bioproducts. Advances in genetics, genomics-assisted breeding, biotechnology have facilitated the combining desirable traits into elite cultivars. To ensure sustainable crop production face climate challenges population growth, it is essential to develop implement techniques that increase yield resilience environments facing water scarcity, nutrient deficiencies, other abiotic biotic stressors. Plant transformation genome editing critical tools development new Here, we discuss recent advances plant technologies aimed at enhancing efficiency, throughput, number transformable genotypes. These advancements include use morphogenic regulators, virus-mediated genetic modifications, planta with Rhizobium rhizogenes.

Language: Английский

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Maize mutant screens: from classical methods to new CRISPR‐based approaches

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Mutations play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory and outcomes of species evolution domestication. Maize (Zea mays) has been major staple crop model for genetic research more than 100 yr. With arrival site-directed mutagenesis genome editing (GE) driven by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), maize mutational is once again spotlight. If we combine powerful physiological characteristics with already available ever increasing toolbox CRISPR-Cas, prospects its future trait engineering are very promising. This review aimed to give an overview progression learnings screening studies analyzing forward genetics, natural variation reverse genetics focus on recent GE approaches. We will highlight how each strategy resource contributed our understanding induced variability this information could be used design next generation screenings.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking regeneration potential: harnessing morphogenic regulators and small peptides for enhanced plant engineering

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Plant genetic transformation is essential for understanding gene functions and developing improved crop varieties. Traditional methods, often genotype-dependent, are limited by plants' recalcitrance to delivery low regeneration capacity. To overcome these limitations, new approaches have emerged that greatly improve efficiency genotype flexibility. This review summarizes key strategies recently developed plant transformation, focusing on groundbreaking technologies enhancing explant- It covers the use of morphogenic regulators (MRs), stem cell-based in planta methods. MRs, such as maize Babyboom (BBM) with Wuschel2 (WUS2), GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) their cofactors GRF-interacting factors (GIFs), offer great potential transforming many monocot species, including major cereal crops. Optimizing BBM/WUS2 expression cassettes has further enabled successful editing using seedling leaves starting material. technology lowers barriers academic laboratories adopt systems. For dicot plants, tissue culture-free or without emerging more genotype-flexible alternatives traditional culture-based Additionally, discovery local wound signal peptide Regeneration Factor 1 (REF1) been shown enhance activating wound-induced pathways both plants. Future research may combine advances develop truly genotype-independent

Language: Английский

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Application of a GRF-GIF chimera enhances plant regeneration for genome editing in tomato

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 21, 2024

Abstract Genome editing has become a routine tool for functionally characterizing plant and animal genomes. However, stable genome in plants remains limited by the time- labor- intensive process of generating transgenic plants, as well efficient isolation desired heritable edits. In this study, we evaluated impact morphogenic regulator GRF-GIF on regeneration outcomes tomato. We demonstrate that expressing tomato chimera reliably accelerates onset shoot from callus tissue culture approximately one month nearly doubles number recovered plants. Consequently, enables recovery broader range edited haplotypes simplifies mutants harboring edits, but without markedly interfering with growth development. Based these findings, outline strategies employ basic or advanced diagnostic pipelines single higher-order Our work represents technical advantage transformation editing, potential applications across other Solanaceae species.

Language: Английский

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