Critical power: a paradigm‐shift for benchmarking exercise testing and prescription DOI Creative Commons
David C. Poole, Andrew M. Jones

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 108(4), P. 539 - 540

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Inherent in the work of Collins et al. (2022) is notion that prescription exercise intensity relative to CP (and also gas exchange threshold, GET; see Lansley al., 2011) will reduce variability physiological responses and tolerance. And precisely hypothesis tested by Meyler (2023) this issue Experimental Physiology. Specifically, healthy men women who completed multiple exhausting cycling tests (graded test, series constant-power tests) define GET, W′, these parameters V ̇ O 2 max ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_2}\max }}$ (i.e., at defined percentages ) were utilized anchor separate moderate- (MOD), heavy- severe-intensity criterion bouts. Subsequently, two MOD, HEAVY SEVERE bouts, latter as high 5 × 3 min intervals, prescribed 'traditionally' (TRAD) based upon 50%, 77% 85%) or using GET (THR; MOD: 30 90% HEAVY: 20 50%∆ (midway between CP); SEVERE: 110% CP). Primary results supported for with respect reduced rates THR versus TRAD. Crucially, whereas some subjects HEAVY–TRAD exercised domain attendant V_{{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ [lactate] consequences – 70% them became exhausted TRAD 0% was not case HEAVY–THR. For trials neither peak nor mean heart rate different THR, but lower percentage W′ depletion. The scientific literature is, unfortunately, replete examples otherwise very well designed studies where investigators have chosen 'normalize' heavy exercising their participants either a fixed % , often 75% 80%, . So doing has resulted highly divergent characteristic stable profiles, Tlim >> min) others severe achieved, rising [lactate], exhaustion < domains. demonstrate prescribing can prevent occurrence and, even supra-CP exercise, inter-subject response key indices. This rationale been presented, on more theoretical level, normalizing assessment therapeutic efficacy across patient populations, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Whipp & Ward, 2009). Although beyond limits measurements (2023), it important note that, registering bouts thereby lowering depletion, would be expected greater homogeneity achieved intramyocyte perturbations (e.g., ∆[PCr], [Pi], [ADPfree], [H+], [glycogen]; Jones 2008) addition to, course, improved ability predict implications therefore putative impact findings are substantial reach preserves science better inform, prescribe evaluate athletic training regimens, improve interventions help resolve mechanistic bases intolerance itself. Both authors read approved final version manuscript agree accountable all aspects ensuring questions related accuracy integrity any part appropriately investigated resolved. All persons designated qualify authorship, those authorship listed. None declared. None.

Language: Английский

A Perspective on High-Intensity Interval Training for Performance and Health DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra M. Coates, Michael J. Joyner, Jonathan P. Little

et al.

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(S1), P. 85 - 96

Published: Oct. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

74
Variability in exercise tolerance and physiological responses to exercise prescribed relative to physiological thresholds and to maximum oxygen uptake DOI Creative Commons
Samuel Meyler, Lindsay Bottoms, David Wellsted

et al.

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 108(4), P. 581 - 594

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether the variability in exercise tolerance and physiological responses is lower when prescribed relative thresholds (THR) compared traditional intensity anchors (TRAD). Ten individuals completed a series maximal tests moderate (MOD), heavy (HVY) severe (HIIT) bouts using THR (critical power gas exchange threshold) TRAD (maximum oxygen uptake; ). There were no differences or acute response between MOD . All HVY but only 30% Compared , where work rates all below critical power, exceeded 70% individuals. was, however, difference HIIT 20% peak ( F = 0.274) average 0.318) blood lactate W′ depletion (the finite capacity above power) after final interval bout 0.305). Using prescribe reduced heterogeneity spanning boundary domains. To increase precision prescription, it recommended that, possible, are used place

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) DOI Creative Commons
Míkel Izquierdo, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Hidenori Arai

et al.

The journal of nutrition health & aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 100401 - 100401

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Aging, a universal and inevitable process, is characterized by progressive accumulation of physiological alterations functional decline over time, leading to increased vulnerability diseases ultimately mortality as age advances. Lifestyle factors, notably physical activity (PA) exercise, significantly modulate aging phenotypes. Physical exercise can prevent or ameliorate lifestyle-related diseases, extend health span, enhance function, reduce the burden non-communicable chronic including cardiometabolic disease, cancer, musculoskeletal neurological conditions, respiratory well premature mortality. influences cellular molecular drivers biological aging, slowing rates-a foundational aspect geroscience. Thus, PA serves both preventive medicine therapeutic agent in pathological states. Sub-optimal levels correlate with disease prevalence populations. Structured prescriptions should therefore be customized monitored like any other medical treatment, considering dose-response relationships specific adaptations necessary for intended outcomes. Current guidelines recommend multifaceted regimen that includes aerobic, resistance, balance, flexibility training through structured incidental (integrated lifestyle) activities. Tailored programs have proven effective helping older adults maintain their capacities, extending enhancing quality life. Particularly important are anabolic exercises, such Progressive resistance (PRT), which indispensable maintaining improving capacity adults, particularly those frailty, sarcopenia osteoporosis, hospitalized residential aged care. Multicomponent interventions include cognitive tasks hallmarks frailty (low body mass, strength, mobility, level, energy) thus preventing falls optimizing during aging. Importantly, PA/exercise displays characteristics varies between individuals, necessitating personalized modalities tailored conditions. Precision remains significant area further research, given global impact broad effects PA. Economic analyses underscore cost benefits programs, justifying broader integration into care adults. However, despite these benefits, far from fully integrated practice people. Many healthcare professionals, geriatricians, need more incorporate directly patient care, whether settings hospitals, outpatient clinics, Education about use isolated adjunctive treatment geriatric syndromes would do much ease problems polypharmacy widespread prescription potentially inappropriate medications. This intersection prescriptive practices offers promising approach well-being An strategy combines pharmacotherapy optimize vitality independence people whilst minimizing adverse drug reactions. consensus provides rationale promotion, prevention, management strategies Guidelines included dosages efficacy randomized controlled trials. Descriptions beneficial changes, attenuation phenotypes, role disability provided. The sarcopenia, neuropsychological emphasized. Recommendations bridge existing knowledge implementation gaps integrate mainstream Particular attention paid it applies geroscience, inter-individual variability adaptation demonstrated adult cohorts. Overall, this foundation applying current base an population span

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Heavy-, Severe-, and Extreme-, but Not Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase V̇o2max and Thresholds after 6 wk of Training DOI
Erin Calaine Inglis, Danilo Iannetta, Letizia Rasica

et al.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(7), P. 1307 - 1316

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

ABSTRACT Introduction This study assessed the effect of individualized, domain-based exercise intensity prescription on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ) and submaximal thresholds. Methods Eighty-four young healthy participants (42 females, 42 males) were randomly assigned to six age, sex, V̇O -matched groups (14 each). Groups performed continuous cycling 1) moderate (MOD), 2) lower heavy (HVY1), 3) upper heavy-intensity (HVY2) domain; interval form 4) high-intensity training (HIIT) severe-intensity domain, or 5) sprint-interval (SIT) extreme-intensity no for 6) control (CON). All groups, except SIT, work-matched. Training completed three sessions per week 6 wk with physiological evaluations at PRE, MID, POST intervention. Results Compared change (∆V̇O CON (0.1 ± 1.2 mL·kg −1 ·min ), all MOD (1.8 2.7 demonstrated a significant increase ( P < 0.05). HIIT produced highest (6.2 2.8 followed by HVY2 (5.4 2.3 SIT (4.7 HVY1 (3.3 2.4 respectively. The ΔPO estimated lactate threshold θ LT was similar across HVY1, HVY2, HIIT, which greater than ΔV̇O 2 not different from > metabolic steady state, CON, MOD, Conclusions that i) is key component determining thresholds ii) allows homogenous stimulus individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Which Training Intensity Distribution Intervention will Produce the Greatest Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Athletes? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data DOI
Michael A. Rosenblat, Jennifer Watt, Jem Arnold

et al.

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Changes in running economy and attainable maximal oxygen consumption in response to prolonged running: The impact of training status DOI
Runar Unhjem

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(5)

Published: April 26, 2024

Abstract During prolonged running at moderate‐to‐high intensity, economy (RE) deteriorates and attainable maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) decreases. Whether these changes appear similarly in trained untrained runners exercising the same relative intensity is not clear. We recruited 10 (TR) active adults (AA), compared RE VO before after 1 h of 70% . Submaximal 2 increased more ( p = 0.019) AA (0.20 ± 0.13 L min −1 than TR (0.07 0.05 ). Attainable decreased (−0.21 0.15 , 0.002), but remained unchanged (−0.05 0.10 0.18). Relative (i.e., /attainable ), 0.001) (8.3 4.4%) (2.6 1.9%). These results demonstrate that ability to resist following superior versus runners, when intensity.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Exercise and aerobic capacity in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression DOI Creative Commons
Daniel D. Hodgkiss,

Gurjeet S. Bhangu,

Carole Lunny

et al.

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. e1004082 - e1004082

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

A low level of cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF; defined as peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2peak) or power output (PPO)] is a widely reported consequence spinal cord injury (SCI) and major risk factor associated with chronic disease. However, CRF can be modified by exercise. This systematic review meta-analysis meta-regression aimed to assess whether certain SCI characteristics and/or specific exercise considerations are moderators changes in CRF.Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web Science) were searched from inception March 2023. primary was conducted including randomised controlled trials (RCTs; interventions lasting >2 weeks relative control groups). secondary pooled independent longitudinal pre-post RCT studies explore subgroup differences intervention parameters explained changes. Further analyses included cohort, cross-sectional, observational study designs. Outcome measures interest absolute (A[Formula: [Formula: text]O2peak (R[Formula: text]O2peak), PPO. Bias/quality assessed via The Cochrane Risk Bias 2 the National Institute Health Quality Assessment Tools. Certainty evidence using Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Random effects models used all meta-analyses meta-regressions. Of 21,020 identified records, 120 comprising 29 RCTs, 67 studies, 11 7 6 included. revealed significant improvements A[Formula: [0.16 (0.07, 0.25) L/min], R[Formula: [2.9 (1.8, 3.9) mL/kg/min], PPO [9 (5, 14) W] exercise, controls (p < 0.001). Ninety-six (117 1,331 adults SCI) secondary, which demonstrated increases [0.22 (0.17, 0.26) [2.8 (2.2, 3.3) [11 (9, 13) 0.001) following interventions. There for based on modality = 0.002) length 0.01), but there no text]O2peak. ≤ 0.018) time since injury, neurological modality, frequency. found that higher mean age participants smaller 0.10). GRADE indicated moderate certainty estimated effect text]O2peak, levels may limited small number prevented analysis within this design.Our confirms performing results individuals SCI. comparisons up 12 yield greatest change Upper-body aerobic resistance training also appear most effective at improving Furthermore, acutely injured, paraplegia, exercising ≥3 sessions/week will likely experience Ageing seemingly diminishes adaptive responses SCI.PROSPERO: CRD42018104342.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Correlation properties of heart rate variability to assess the first ventilatory threshold and fatigue in runners DOI Creative Commons
Bas Van Hooren,

Bram Mennen,

Thomas Gronwald

et al.

Journal of Sports Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

The short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA-a1) heart rate variability (HRV) has shown potential to delineate the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). aims this study were investigate accuracy method for VT1 determination in runners using a consumer grade chest belt and explore effects acute fatigue.We compared oxygen uptake (V̇O2) (HR) at gas exchange V̇O2 HR DFA-a1 value 0.75. Gas HRV data obtained from 14 individuals during treadmill run involving two incremental ramps. Agreement was assessed Bland-Altman linear regression.Bland-Altman between ramp showed mean (95% limits agreement) bias -0.5 (-6.8 5.8) ml∙kg-1∙min-1, -0.9 (-12.2 10.5) beats∙min-1, with R2 0.83 0.56, respectively. During second ramp, differences -7.3 (-18.1 3.5) ml∙kg-1∙min-1 -12.3 (-30.4 5.9) 0.62 0.43, respectively.A chest-belt derived 0.75 is closely related VT1, an individual level being similar methods. This suggests be useful exercise intensity demarcation. altered relationship indicates that only able accurately demarcate thresholds non-fatigued state, but also opens opportunities fatigue-based training prescription.The determined nonlinear analyse shows close agreement threshold, demarcation.The fatigue prescription.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Exercise responses to perceptually regulated high intensity interval exercise with continuous and intermittent hypoxia in inactive overweight individuals DOI Creative Commons
Jacky Soo, Paul S.R. Goods, Olivier Girard

et al.

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract To investigate the acute effects of hypoxia applied during discrete work and recovery phases a perceptually regulated, high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on external internal loads in inactive overweight individuals. On separate days, 18 (28.7 ± 3.3 kg m −2 ; 31 8 years) men women completed cycling HIIE protocol (6 × 1 min intervals with 4 active recovery, maintaining perceived rating exertion 16 10 respectively, 6–20 Borg scale) randomized conditions: normoxia (NN), normobaric (inspired O 2 fraction ∼0.14) both (HH), (NH) only (HN). Markers (relative mean power output, MPO) load (blood lactate concentration, heart rate tissue saturation index (TSI)) were measured. MPO was lower HH compared to NN, NH HN (all P < 0.001), also being than NN ( 0.001) 0.023). Heart higher 0.001). Blood response = 0.003) 0.008). Changes TSI area above curve greater relative Hypoxia intermittently or may mitigate declines mechanical output observed when is performed continuous hypoxia, although implemented phase resulted elevated response. Specifically, performance largely comparable that can be achieved exclusively recovery.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Cognitive and sensorimotor benefits of moderate- and high-intensity exercise are associated with specific expression of neurotrophic markers in older rats DOI Creative Commons

Cécile Marcourt,

Caroline Pin-Barre,

Antoine Langeard

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0