Preface Editorial for Special Issue Dedicated to Jeffrey L. Ardell (1952–2025) Cardiac Neurobiology: Concepts to Clinic

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2025

In 2016, we published a special issue concerned with cardiac autonomic control in health and disease (Shivkumar & Ardell, 2016). Since then, there has been an explosion of scientific interest the neurobiology nervous system (Herring et al., 2019; Paton unpublished raw data) aimed at understanding how neuromodulation can be used therapeutically to treat (La Rovere 2020; Hanna, Buch 2021; Hadaya 2020). To bridge areas neurology cardiology, emerging field neurocardiology bioelectronic medicine or 'neuroceutics' is now receiving significant attention funding as priority area from NIH (National Institutes Health, Office Strategic Coordination-The Common Fund. Stimulating Peripheral Activity Relieve Conditions – SPARC; University Minnesota awarded $21 million lead research revealing effects vagus nerve stimulation humans) Leducq Foundation (Paterson Shivkumar, 2023). The strategy underpinned by development personalised site-specific targeting end-organ function, particular arrhythmia. What becoming apparent importance bidirectional communication between neurons myocytes (Davis 2022) need have better complex neural architecture (Hanna, Dacey Rajendran 2019) that underpins rhythm disturbance 'little brain' heart (Armour 2008; Herring Paterson, 2021). Moreover, deeper appreciation circuits miniaturization sensor technology provided opportunity lay foundations for next generation bioelectronics closed loop (Lerman 2025). July 2024 Journal Physiology supported focused meeting Oxford was associated International Society Autonomic Neuroscience (ISAN 2024). This 2-day framework assemble opinion leaders also facilitated younger investigators bioengineering, physiological medical communities interact. this issue, entitled Cardiac Neurobiology: Concepts Clinic, highlight deliberations meeting. particular, starts update on three white papers which gather opinions 52 leading experts they review major advances taken place past 8 years. first paper Habecker al. (2025) addresses molecular cellular basis interactions disease. A focus novel intracellular pathways neuroplasticity explored, given spatial transcriptomics, interface patient-specific stem cells provides pathophysiological contextualization study 'disease dish'. use further highlighted in-depth topical Wu discusses current progress future prospects platform. utility approach illustrated Mohammadi who observed sympathetic induce more mature phenotype IPSC-derived myocytes, reinforcing notion cross-talk myocytes. Mapping these technologies translational advancements featured second 2025), explores our where target key sites (intracardiac system, stellate ganglia, nerve, dorsal root ganglia mid-brain nuclei brain are cardiovascular active). challenge here body's on-board 'homeostatic intelligence system' so closed-loop regulation therapies evolve. As Herring, Ardell colleagues discuss, will only achieved viable bioengineering develops respond appropriate biomarkers (both electrical mechanical) work endogenous systems optimize outcomes rather than opposition them. significance therapy pass dish pre-clinical environment. Importantly, transition demonstrate positive over above traditional pharmacological interventions if clinical reach achieved. point third extensive Ajijola (2025). Here, discuss challenges opportunities define value neuroscience-based therapeutics. They present updates trials involving hold promise prognostic indicators. Emerging evidence highlighting role neuropeptide Y (NPY) one biomarker post-myocardial infarction (MI) (Kalla co-released noradrenaline (NA) during states high drive, its Neil his Bayliss Starling Prize lecture (Bussmann 2023) article van Weperen elegantly showed circulating NA leads release NPY nerves via activation postganglionic pre-synaptic beta-adrenergic receptors. probably involved feedback cascade cause transmission both (Adler-Graschinsky Langer, 1975) because indeed adrenaline released diseased post-ganglionic bind beta-2 adrenergic receptors (Bardsley 2018). Vrabec (2025), modulation hyperexcitability through block shown mitigate pacing-induced heterogeneous catecholamine infarcted pig heart. highlights potential axonal titrate direct modulate neuronal excitability highly controllable fashion. relating structure function reviewed timely fashion Qu link ultrastructure different scales impulse conduction arrhythmogenesis. experimental data needed validate multiscale models provide increased predictability understand Ashton illustrates 3-D structural electrophysiological functional changes intracardiac linked atrial fibrillation (AF). Similarly, computational modelling control, following MI using silico patient cohort, employed Gee help explain heterogeneity vagal baroreflex after ischaemic injury. Interestingly, it reported individuals central peripheral efferent adaptation preserved baroreceptor gain could maintain sensitivity post-MI. Although promote AF, anti-arrhythmic ventricle behaves like nature's calcium channel blocker, why efforts properties selectively. Thompson undertook anatomical investigation looking organization fibres porcine cervical aim developing spatially selective neuromodulation. landmark Macefield laboratory (Farmer 2025) describes firing single axons rhythmicity human nerve. signatures patterns cycle patterning evolves Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy genetically determined disease, accounts most cases stress-related arrhythmic sudden death. Vanaja Zaglia Mongillo group identified additional affected mouse model arrhythmogenic mutations desmoglein-2. Altered innervation recognized characteristic may contribute aetiology itself. Indeed, remodelling feature many primary diseases such hypertension. Li blood pressure increases neuron activity enhancing intraganglionic cholinergic collateral connections ganglion. demonstrates occurs contributes dysautonomia. Ahmadian session acute intermittent hypoxia (IH) capable neuromodulating rat spinal cord injury disrupted bulbospinal pathway. Whether IH therapeutic similar remains determined, but earlier studies increase post ganglionic decreasing inhibitory action NO-cGMP pathway drive (Mohan 2001). Going forward, develop reproducibly recapitulate contextualization. end, IPSC organoid aid endeavour, especially strong genetic underpinning channelopathies. utilization other mammalian important show conservation structures transcripts proteins determine whether mimicked (Habecker 2025; data). Tompkins detailed described looked comparative specialization intrinsic (ICNs) humans, mice pigs. found conserved derived attributes within mammals enhance circuitry ICN conditions AF. Combined single-cell Gupta modelled heart's each genotype characterized unique combination ion channels mapped onto specific transcriptomic signature. 10 years, made bridging concept clinic. There still much do, results enhanced efficacy contemporary change practice. Closing gap cell-based technological bionanomaterials presents bring together community bioengineers, physiologists physicians. Our mission build precisely wiring save lives millions die every year arrest. editorial coauthored late Professor 2016) concluded, 'Neuromodulation based strategies meaningful tens going suddenly arrhythmias suffer serious morbidity ultimate death due failure coming years!' already started bear fruits issue. We state possibilities physiology very bright. dedicated Jeff close friend colleague, pioneer advocate neurocardiology. He sadly missed, legacy live pupils, he authored. Piam Memoriam. Please note: publisher not responsible content functionality any supporting information supplied authors. Any queries (other missing content) should directed corresponding author article. None declared. D.J.P K.S were conception design work; drafting revising critically intellectual content; approved final version submitted publication. Both authors agree accountable all aspects work. All persons designated qualify authorship, those authorship listed. D.J.P./K.S. Supported Network Excellence Award (23CVD04) Bioelectronics Neurocardiology.

Language: Английский

Advanced Analysis of Alpha EEG Patterns for Identifying Meditative States in Alpha Power Activation Yoga (APAY)

International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 148 - 164

Published: March 30, 2025

Meditation, especially Alpha-Power Activation Yoga (APAY), is popular today for well-being. Apay promotes relaxation and focuses using yoga attention. However, the inspiring settings app effectiveness evaluation made challenging. EEG can measure attentive brain activity. This work improves Alfa pattern analysis discovery of EFEM. functions are classified through moral machine learning time. approach reflects neurological attention process. Preliminary research found that alpha-EEG patterns change with training stages such as concentration, absorption relaxation. Deep concentration reduces hiking increases frontal lateral regions. Constant front behind alpha, suggests treatment sensory awareness. shows app-inspired requires more study to understand neurophysiology. Strong biomarker will track skill changes its mental health benefits. Kaggle Alpha Wave Dataset detects meditation (closes eyes) non-meditation (opening when relaxing subject. In this dataset, decisions identify accurately trees in decision, innocent bays random forest phenomena. These findings be repeated a large population investigated see how monkey practice affects psychological processes over Researchers brainwave emotional welfare connections explain these results. It inspire new -based treatments. Doctors provide better care by adding techniques parting treatment. A full disposition goal improve awareness body. show diet exercise affect health.

Language: Английский