The Duality of Astrocyte Neuromodulation: Astrocytes Sense Neuromodulators and Are Neuromodulators DOI
Justin Lines, Michelle Corkrum, Juan Aguilar

et al.

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Neuromodulation encompasses different processes that regulate neuronal and network function. Classical neuromodulators originating from long‐range nuclei, such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, or dopamine, act with a slower time course wider spatial range than fast synaptic transmission action potential firing. Accumulating evidence in vivo indicates astrocytes, which are known to actively participate function at tripartite synapses, also involved neuromodulatory processes. The present article reviews recent findings obtained indicating astrocytes express receptors for elevate their internal calcium stimulate the release of gliotransmitters, function, hence mediate, least partially, effects neuromodulators. In addition, we propose local support by spatially temporally integrating signals neural presence astrocyte‐neuron hysteresis loops suggests astrocyte–neuron interaction synapses scales up astrocyte–neuronal networks modulate We finally sense environmental conditions, including states, provide homeostatic control maximizes dynamic activity. summary, critical mediating neuromodulators, they homeostasis thus optimizing information processing brain. Hence, ongoing activity along and, acting inform neurons about state system external world. image

Language: Английский

The Duality of Astrocyte Neuromodulation: Astrocytes Sense Neuromodulators and Are Neuromodulators DOI
Justin Lines, Michelle Corkrum, Juan Aguilar

et al.

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Neuromodulation encompasses different processes that regulate neuronal and network function. Classical neuromodulators originating from long‐range nuclei, such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, or dopamine, act with a slower time course wider spatial range than fast synaptic transmission action potential firing. Accumulating evidence in vivo indicates astrocytes, which are known to actively participate function at tripartite synapses, also involved neuromodulatory processes. The present article reviews recent findings obtained indicating astrocytes express receptors for elevate their internal calcium stimulate the release of gliotransmitters, function, hence mediate, least partially, effects neuromodulators. In addition, we propose local support by spatially temporally integrating signals neural presence astrocyte‐neuron hysteresis loops suggests astrocyte–neuron interaction synapses scales up astrocyte–neuronal networks modulate We finally sense environmental conditions, including states, provide homeostatic control maximizes dynamic activity. summary, critical mediating neuromodulators, they homeostasis thus optimizing information processing brain. Hence, ongoing activity along and, acting inform neurons about state system external world. image

Language: Английский

Citations

0