A mitochondrial superoxide theory for oxidative stress diseases and aging

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 1 - 7

Published: Dec. 22, 2014

Fridovich identified CuZnSOD in 1969 and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) 1973, proposed "the Superoxide Theory," which postulates that (O2 (•-)) is the origin of most reactive oxygen species (ROS) it undergoes a chain reaction cell, playing central role ROS producing system. Increased oxidative stress on an organism causes damage to cells, smallest constituent unit organism, can lead onset variety chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis other neurological diseases caused by abnormalities biological defenses or increased intracellular levels. Oxidative also plays aging. Antioxidant systems, including non-enzyme low-molecular-weight antioxidants (such as, vitamins A, C E, polyphenols, glutathione, coenzyme Q10) antioxidant enzymes, fight against oxidants cells. considered be major factor oxidant toxicity, mitochondrial MnSOD enzymes constitute essential defense superoxide. Mitochondria are source The generated from mitochondria with nitric oxide faster than SOD catalyzed reaction, produces peroxynitrite. Thus, based research conducted after Fridovich's seminal studies, we now propose modified theory; i.e., nitrogen (RONS) and, such, various redox related

Language: Английский

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The Role of Mitochondria in Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Its Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cells, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 274 - 274

Published: Dec. 17, 2018

Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles that consistently migrate, fuse, and divide to modulate their number, size, shape. In addition, they produce ATP, reactive oxygen species, also have a biological role in antioxidant activities Ca2+ buffering. thought play crucial most neurodegenerative disorders. Neurons, being high-energy-demanding cells, closely related the maintenance, dynamics, functions of mitochondria. Thus, impairment mitochondrial is associated with diseases, pointing significance normal cell physiology. recent years, considerable progress has been made our knowledge functions, which raised interest defining involvement dysfunction diseases. Here, we summarize existing function species generation its development

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic Diet in Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(16), P. 3892 - 3892

Published: Aug. 9, 2019

At present, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is increasing. Although mechanism underlying pathology not fully uncovered, in last years, there has been significant progress its understanding. This includes: Progressive deposition amyloid β-peptides plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein intracellular as neurofibrillary tangles; neuronal loss; impaired glucose metabolism. Due to lack effective prevention treatment strategy, emerging evidence suggests that dietary metabolic interventions could potentially target these issues. The ketogenic diet very high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, which fasting-like effect bringing body into state ketosis. presence ketone bodies neuroprotective impact on aging brain cells. Moreover, their production may enhance mitochondrial function, reduce expression inflammatory apoptotic mediators. Thus, it gained interest potential therapy for disorders like disease. review aims examine role disease progression outline specific aspects nutritional profile providing rationale implementation therapeutic strategy

Language: Английский

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The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 19, 2018

The search for treatments neurodegenerative diseases is a major concern in light of today's aging population and an increasing burden on individuals, families society. Although great advances have been made the last decades to understand underlying genetic biological cause these diseases, only some symptomatic are available. Metformin has long since used treat Type 2 Diabetes shown be beneficial several other conditions. well-tested vitro approved compound that targets diverse pathways including mitochondrial energy production insulin signaling. There growing evidence benefits metformin counteract age-related such as cancer, cardiovascular disease diseases. We will discuss showing certain diabetes explicitly linked along with drugs can reduce neurological symptoms patients phenotypes animal cell models. An interesting therapeutic factor might how able balance survival death signaling cells through commonly associated In healthy neurons, overarching signals keep metabolism, oxidative stress proteostasis check, avoiding dysfunction neuronal defines disease. mechanisms involved relevance vulnerability potential difficulties future trials development therapies.

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic diet for human diseases: the underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical implementations

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, and very-low-carbohydrate regimen that mimics the metabolism of fasting state to induce production ketone bodies. KD has long been established as remarkably successful dietary approach for treatment intractable epilepsy increasingly garnered research attention rapidly in past decade, subject emerging evidence promising therapeutic potential various diseases, besides epilepsy, from obesity malignancies. In this review, we summarize experimental and/or clinical efficacy safety different discuss possible mechanisms action based on recent advances understanding influence at cellular molecular levels. We emphasize may function through multiple mechanisms, which remain be further elucidated. challenges future directions implementation spectrum diseases have discussed. suggest that, with encouraging effects increasing insights into action, randomized controlled trials should conducted elucidate foundation use KD.

Language: Английский

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