Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria—A Review

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1079 - 1079

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

A global problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among bacteria is the cause hundreds thousands deaths every year. In response to significant increase MDR bacteria, legislative measures have widely been taken limit or eliminate use antibiotics, including in form feed additives for livestock, but also metaphylaxis and its treatment, which was subject EU Regulation 2019/6. Numerous studies documented that both phenotypis gentic strategies enabling a natural defence against antibiotics induction mechanisms increasing used antibacterial chemicals. The presented this review developed by impact on reducing ability combat bacterial infections humans animals. Moreover, high prevalence multi-resistant strains environment ease transmission drug-resistance genes between different species commensal flora pathogenic like foodborne pathogens (E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus Salmonella Listeria Staphylococcus spp.) favor rapid spread multi-resistance Given threat posed widespread phenomenon are dangerous animals, study presentation most frequent called as "foodborne pathoges" isolated from human order present significance related selected pathogens, especially those danger humans, publication presents statistical data percentage range occurrence drug various regions world. addition phenotypic characteristics pathogen resistance, detailed information detection specific groups antibiotics. It should be emphasized manuscript results own research i.e., E. coli Enetrococcus spp. This risks will contribute initiating implementing prevention development alternatives antimicrobials methods controlling bacteria.

Language: Английский

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Interaction of Microplastics with Antibiotics in Aquatic Environment: Distribution, Adsorption, and Toxicity

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(23), P. 15579 - 15595

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

As two major types of pollutants emerging concerns, microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics (ATs) coexist in aquatic environments, their interactions are a source increasing concern. Therefore, this work examines the interaction mechanisms MPs ATs, effect on ATs bioavailability antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) abundance environments. First, for adsorption summarized, mainly including hydrophobic, hydrogen-bonding, electrostatic interactions. But other possible mechanisms, such as halogen bonding, CH/π interaction, cation−π negative charge-assisted hydrogen bonds, newly proposed to explain observed adsorption. Additionally, environmental factors (such pH, ionic strength, dissolved organic matters, minerals, aging conditions) affecting by specifically discussed. Moreover, could change bioaccumulation toxicity organisms, related joint reviewed analyzed. Furthermore, can enrich ARGs from surrounding environment, is evaluated. Finally, research challenges perspectives MPs–ATs implications presented. This review will facilitate better understanding fate risk both ATs.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in estuarine and coastal environments

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 777, P. 146009 - 146009

Published: Feb. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 117402 - 117402

Published: May 19, 2021

The prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and resistance genes (ARGs) in the microbiome is a major public health concern globally. Many habitats environment are under threat due to excessive use antibiotics evolutionary changes occurring resistome. ARB ARGs from farms, cities hospitals, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or as water runoffs, may accumulate water, soil, air. We present global picture resistome by examining ARG-related papers retrieved PubMed published last 30 years (1990-2020). Natural Language Processing (NLP) was used retrieve 496,640 papers, out which 9374 passed filtering test were further analyzed determine distribution diversity ARG subtypes. revealed seven families together with their respective subtypes different on six continents. Asia, especially China, had highest number related compared other countries/regions/continents. belonging multidrug, glycopeptide, β-lactam most common reports hospitals sulfonamide tetracycline WWTPs, soil. also highlight 'omics' tools research, describe some factors that shape development resistome, suggest future work needed better understand goal show nature order encourage collaborate research efforts aimed at reducing negative impacts One Health concept.

Language: Английский

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mobileOG-db: a Manually Curated Database of Protein Families Mediating the Life Cycle of Bacterial Mobile Genetic Elements

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 88(18)

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

Bacterial mobile genetic elements (MGEs) encode functional modules that perform both core and accessory functions for the element, latter of which are often only transiently associated with element. The presence these genes, close homologs to primarily immobile incur high rates false positives and, therefore, limits usability databases MGE annotation. To overcome this limitation, we analyzed 10,776,849 protein sequences derived from eight compile a comprehensive set 6,140 manually curated families linked "life cycle" (integration/excision, replication/recombination/repair, transfer, stability/transfer/defense, phage-specific processes) plasmids, phages, integrative, transposable, conjugative elements. We overlay experimental information where available create tiered annotation scheme high-quality annotations inferred exclusively through bioinformatic evidence. additionally provide an MGE-class label each entry (e.g., plasmid or integrative element), assign major minor category. resulting database, mobileOG-db (for orthologous groups), comprises over 700,000 deduplicated encompassing five mobileOG categories more than 50 categories, providing structured language interpretable basis array MGE-centered analyses. can be accessed at mobileogdb.flsi.cloud.vt.edu/, users select, refine, analyze custom subsets dynamic mobilome. IMPORTANCE analysis bacterial in genomic data is critical step toward profiling root causes antibiotic resistance, phenotypic metabolic diversity, evolution genera. Existing methods pose barriers biological computational expertise properly harness. bridge gap, systematically proteins MGEs identify serve as candidate hallmarks, i.e., used "signatures" aid resource, mobileOG-db, provides multilevel classification encompasses plasmid, phage, transposable element categorized into categories. thus rich resource simple intuitive integrated seamlessly existing detection pipelines colocalization

Language: Английский

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Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(6)

Published: June 1, 2021

The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread antimicrobial resistance (AMR) EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle pigs) aquaculture was assessed. Among various sources transmission routes identified, fertilisers faecal origin, irrigation surface water for were considered major importance. For animal potential consist feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods equipment. those, evidence found introduction with feed other sources, importance could not be Several ARB highest priority public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium E. faecalis identified. ARGs blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-23, mcr, armA, vanA, cfr optrA reported. These bacteria genes identified different at primary post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil water. all sectors, reducing occurrence microbial contamination fertilisers, production environment minimising persistence/recycling within facilities is a priority. Proper implementation good hygiene practices, biosecurity safety management systems very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are early stages development. Many data gaps relating to relevance routes, diversity ARGs, effectiveness mitigation measures Representative epidemiological attribution studies on AMR its effective control linked One Health environmental initiatives, urgently required.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Aquaculture and Climate Change: A Challenge for Health in the Mediterranean Area

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 5723 - 5723

Published: May 26, 2021

Aquaculture is the productive activity that will play a crucial role in challenges of millennium, such as need for proteins support humans and respect environment. an important economic Mediterranean basin. A great impact presented, however, by aquaculture practices they involve use antibiotics treatment prophylaxis. As consequence aquaculture, antibiotic resistance induced surrounding bacteria column water, sediment, fish-associated bacterial strains. Through horizontal gene transfer, can diffuse antibiotic-resistance genes mobile further spreading genetic determinants. Once triggered, easily spreads among aquatic microbial communities and, from there, reach human pathogenic bacteria, making vain health. Climate change claims significant this context, rising temperatures affect cell physiology same way antibiotics, causing to begin with. The Sea represents ‘hot spot’ terms climate aspects area be significantly amplified, thus increasing threats Practices must adopted counteract negative impacts on health, with reduction pivotal point. In meantime, it necessary act against reducing anthropogenic impacts, example CO2 emissions into atmosphere. One Health type approach, which involves intervention different skills, veterinary, ecology, medicine compliance principles sustainability, strongly recommended face these animal environmental safety area.

Language: Английский

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Fate of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes during conventional and additional treatment technologies in wastewater treatment plants

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 741, P. 140199 - 140199

Published: June 16, 2020

Information on the removal of antibiotics and ARGs in full-scale WWTPs (with or without additional treatment technology) is limited. However, it important to understand efficiency technologies removing under a variety conditions relevant for practice reduce their environmental spreading. Therefore, this study was performed evaluate conventional wastewater plant (WWTP A) two combined with technologies. WWTP B, activated sludge followed by an carbon filtration step (1-STEP® filter) as final step. C, using aerobic granular (NEREDA®) alternative treatment. Water were collected analysed 52 from four target antibiotic groups (macrolides, sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines) (ermB, sul 1, 2 tetW) integrase gene class 1 (intI1). Despite high percentages (79–88%) total load all WWTPs, some detected various effluents. Additional technology C) showed up 99% (tetracyclines). For ARGs, C reduced 2.3 log A 2.0 log, B 1.3 log. This shows that are promising solutions reducing emissions plants. ARGS cannot be achieved types ARGs. In addition, more abundant compared effluent suggesting reservoir representing source later ARG upon reuse, i.e. fertilizer agriculture resource bioplastics bioflocculants. These aspects require further research.

Language: Английский

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Using sewage for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 367(6478), P. 630 - 632

Published: Feb. 7, 2020

A global system would exploit metagenomic sequencing

Language: Английский

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The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the major issue posing a serious global health threat. Low- and middle-income countries are likely to be most affected, both in terms of impact on public economic burden. Recent studies highlighted role networks transmission AMR organisms, with this network being driven by complex interactions between clinical (e.g., human health, animal husbandry veterinary medicine) other components, including environmental factors persistence wastewater). Many have wastewater as significant reservoir it represents an ideal environment for bacteria (ARB) antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) persist. Although treatment process can help removing or reducing ARB load, has limited ARGs. ARGs not degradable; therefore, they spread among microbial communities through horizontal gene transfer, which main mechanism Gram-negative bacteria. Here we analysed recent literature highlight contribution emergence, under different settings, particularly those associated mass gathering events Hajj Kumbh Mela).

Language: Английский

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