Organic Bioelectronics: Using Highly Conjugated Polymers to Interface with Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues in the Human Body

Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(11)

Published: Oct. 11, 2020

Abstract Conjugated polymers exhibit interesting material and optoelectronic properties that make them well‐suited to the development of biointerfaces. Their biologically relevant mechanical characteristics, ability be chemically modified, mixed electronic ionic charge transport are captured within diverse field organic bioelectronics. used in a wide range device architectures, cell tissue scaffolds. These devices enable biosensing many biomolecules, such as metabolites, nucleic acids, more. Devices can both stimulate sense behavior cells tissues. Similarly, interfaces permit interaction with complex organs, aiding fundamental biological understanding providing new opportunities for stimulating regenerative behaviors bioelectronic based therapeutics. Applications these materials broad, much continues uncovered about their properties. This report covers current fundamentals conjugated polymer biointerfaces interactions cells, tissues human body. An overview is presented, along highlighted major vivo vitro applications. Finally, open research questions discussed.

Language: Английский

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Tissue‐Like Optoelectronic Neural Interface Enabled by PEDOT:PSS Hydrogel for Cardiac and Neural Stimulation

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8)

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

Abstract Optoelectronic biointerfaces have made a significant impact on modern science and technology from understanding the mechanisms of neurotransmission to recovery vision for blinds. They are based cell interfaces organic or inorganic materials such as silicon, graphene, oxides, quantum dots, π ‐conjugated polymers, which dry stiff unlike cell/tissue environment. On other side, wet soft hydrogels recently been started attract attention bioelectronics because its high‐level tissue‐matching biomechanics biocompatibility. However, it is challenging obtain optimal opto‐bioelectronic devices by using requiring device, heterojunction, hydrogel engineering. Here, an optoelectronic biointerface integrated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, that simultaneously achieves efficient, flexible, stable, biocompatible, safe photostimulation cells demonstrated. Besides their interfacial tissue‐like biomechanics, ≈34 kPa, biocompatibility, hydrogel‐integration facilitates increase in charge injection amounts sevenfolds improved responsivity 156 mA W −1 , stability under mechanical bending functional lifetime over three years. Finally, these enable stimulation individual hippocampal neurons photocontrol beating frequency cardiac myocytes via charge‐balanced capacitive currents. Therefore, hydrogel‐enabled hold great promise next‐generation wireless neural implants.

Language: Английский

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RuO₂ Supercapacitor Enables Flexible, Safe, and Efficient Optoelectronic Neural Interface

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(31)

Published: May 12, 2022

Abstract Optoelectronic biointerfaces offer a wireless and nongenetic neurostimulation pathway with high spatiotemporal resolution. Fabrication of low‐cost flexible optoelectronic that have photogenerated charge injection densities clinically usable cell stimulation mechanism is critical for rendering this technology useful ubiquitous biomedical applications. Here, supercapacitor combined organic optoelectronics by integrating RuO 2 into donor–acceptor photovoltaic device architecture facilitates efficient safe photostimulation neurons. Remarkably, interfacial capacitance resulting from reversible redox reactions leads to more than an order‐of‐magnitude increase in the capacitive transfer. The ‐enhanced photoelectrical response activates voltage‐gated sodium channels hippocampal neurons elicits repetitive, low‐light intensity, high‐success rate firing action potentials. Double‐layer together ‐induced faradaic provide pathway, which verified via intracellular oxidative stress measurements. All‐solution‐processed ‐based are flexible, biocompatible, robust under harsh aging conditions, showing great promise building highly light‐sensitive next‐generation neural interfaces.

Language: Английский

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Photo‐Chemical Stimulation of Neurons with Organic Semiconductors

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(31)

Published: Sept. 3, 2023

Abstract Recent advances in light‐responsive materials enabled the development of devices that can wirelessly activate tissue with light. Here it is shown solution‐processed organic heterojunctions stimulate activity primary neurons at low intensities light via photochemical reactions. The p‐type semiconducting polymer PDCBT and n‐type small molecule ITIC (a non‐fullerene acceptor) are coated on glass supports, forming a p – n junction high photosensitivity. Patch clamp measurements show low‐intensity white converted into cue triggers action potentials cortical neurons. study shows neat bilayers exchange photogenerated charges oxygen other chemical compounds cell culture conditions. Through several controlled experimental conditions, photo‐capacitive, photo‐thermal, direct hydrogen peroxide effects neural function excluded, delivery being possible mechanism. profound advantages photo‐chemical intervention neuron electrophysiology pave way for developing wireless light‐based therapy based emerging semiconductors.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Present and Future Directions in Nano-Enhanced Optoelectronic Neuromodulation

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(9), P. 1398 - 1410

Published: April 23, 2024

ConspectusElectrical neuromodulation has achieved significant translational advancements, including the development of deep brain stimulators for managing neural disorders and vagus nerve seizure treatment. Optoelectronics, in contrast to wired electrical systems, offers leadless feature that guides multisite high spatiotemporal system targeting, ensuring specificity precision therapies known as "photoelectroceuticals". This Account provides a concise overview developments novel optoelectronic nanomaterials are engineered through innovative molecular, chemical, nanostructure designs facilitate interfacing with efficiency minimally invasive implantation.This outlines progress made both within our laboratory across broader scientific community, particular attention implications materials innovation strategies, studying bioelectrical activation methods, applications regenerative medicine. In innovation, we highlight nongenetic, biocompatible, approach spans various length scales, from single neurons tissues using nanosized particles monolithic membranes. Furthermore, discussion exposes critical unresolved questions field, mechanisms interaction at nanobio interface, cellular or tissue integration into existing networks modulation. addition, present challenges pressing needs long-term stability biocompatibility, scalability clinical applications, noninvasive monitoring control systems.In addressing field interfaces, particularly envisage promising strategic directions could significantly advance this burgeoning domain. involves deeper theoretical understanding nanobiointerfaces, where simulations experimental validations on how interact spatiotemporally biological systems crucial. The more durable is vital prolonged dynamic ability manipulate activity spatial resolution, paves way targeting individual specific circuits. Additionally, integrating these interfaces advanced possibly leveraging artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms programming dynamically responsive designs, ease implementation stimulation recording. These innovations hold potential introduce treatment modalities wide range neurological systemic disorders.

Language: Английский

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