Scaling‐up biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning research

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 757 - 776

Published: Jan. 29, 2020

Abstract A rich body of knowledge links biodiversity to ecosystem functioning (BEF), but it is primarily focused on small scales. We review the current theory and identify six expectations for scale dependence in BEF relationship: (1) a nonlinear change slope relationship with spatial scale; (2) scale‐dependent between stability extent; (3) coexistence within among sites will result positive at larger scales; (4) temporal autocorrelation environmental variability affects species turnover thus (5) connectivity metacommunities generates relationships by affecting population synchrony local regional (6) scaling food web structure diversity generate functioning. suggest directions synthesis that combine approaches metaecosystem metacommunity ecology integrate cross‐scale feedbacks. Tests this may remote sensing generation networked experiments assess effects multiple also show how anthropogenic land cover alter relationship. New research role guide policy linking goals managing ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Coral reef ecosystem functioning: eight core processes and the role of biodiversity

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 445 - 454

Published: July 30, 2019

Coral reefs are in global decline. Reversing this trend is a primary management objective but doing so depends on understanding what keeps desirable states (ie “functional”). Although there evidence that coral thrive under certain conditions (eg moderate water temperatures, limited fishing pressure), the dynamic processes promote ecosystem functioning and its internal drivers community structure) poorly defined explored. Specifically, despite decades of research suggesting positive relationship between biodiversity across biomes, few studies have explored reef systems. We propose practical definition functioning, centered eight complementary ecological processes: calcium carbonate production bioerosion, herbivory, secondary predation, nutrient uptake release. Connecting species niches, functional diversity communities, rates key can provide novel, quantitative dependence communities will chart transition Anthropocene. This contribute urgently needed guidance for these important ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity as insurance: from concept to measurement and application

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 96(5), P. 2333 - 2354

Published: June 2, 2021

ABSTRACT Biological insurance theory predicts that, in a variable environment, aggregate ecosystem properties will vary less more diverse communities because declines the performance or abundance of some species phenotypes be offset, at least partly, by smoother increases others. During past two decades, ecology has accumulated strong evidence for stabilising effect biodiversity on functioning. As biological is reaching stage mature theory, it critical to revisit and clarify its conceptual foundations guide future developments, applications measurements. In this review, we first connections between portfolio concepts that have been used economic inspired them. Doing so points gaps mismatches economics could filled profitably new theoretical developments management applications. Second, discuss fundamental issues remained unnoticed far emerge from recent particular, draw clear distinction effects embedded i.e. mean variability properties. This allows explicit consideration trade‐offs stability processes services. We also review management. Finally, provide synthetic framework unifies various approaches across disciplines, suggest ways which extended address Exciting challenges include linking functioning stability, incorporating multiple functions feedbacks, developing partition scales, extending complex interaction networks,

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity increases ecosystem functions despite multiple stressors on coral reefs

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 919 - 926

Published: May 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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GAPeDNA: Assessing and mapping global species gaps in genetic databases for eDNA metabarcoding

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 1880 - 1892

Published: March 17, 2021

Abstract Aim Environmental DNA metabarcoding has recently emerged as a non‐invasive tool for aquatic biodiversity inventories, frequently surpassing traditional methods detecting wide range of taxa in most habitats. The major limitation currently impairing the large‐scale application eDNA‐based inventories is lack species sequences available public genetic databases. Unfortunately, these gaps are still unknown spatially and taxonomically, hindering targeted future sequencing efforts. Innovation We propose GAPeDNA, user‐friendly web interface that provides global overview database completeness given taxon across space conservation status. As an application, we synthetized data from regional checklists marine freshwater fishes along with their IUCN status to provide maps coverage using European Nucleotide Archive reference 19 primers. This automatizes scanning databases guide efforts support deployment eDNA at larger scale. flexible can be expanded other primers upon availability. Main conclusions Using our fish case study, show increase towards tropics where diversity number threatened highest. It highlights priority areas like Congo, Mekong Mississippi basins which host more than 60 non‐sequenced species. For fishes, Caribbean East Africa up 42 By presenting several on any building open‐access, updatable tool, GAPeDNA appears valuable contribution kind study.

Language: Английский

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Aquatic biodiversity enhances multiple nutritional benefits to humans

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(15)

Published: April 5, 2021

Significance Food security is not simply about maintaining yields, but it also the need for a stable supply of nutritionally diverse foods. Obtaining nutritious food major challenge facing humanity, and aquatic ecosystems can help meet this goal. To test how biodiversity affects human health, we assembled dataset nutrients, contaminants, ecological traits 801 species. We used models to quantify role species richness functional diversity found that these dimensions enhanced seafood micronutrient fatty acid provisioning by same mechanisms link productivity in grasslands, forests, other systems. Our results underscore minimize loss sustain improve well-being.

Language: Английский

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The functional roles of surgeonfishes on coral reefs: past, present and future

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 387 - 439

Published: Jan. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Marine protected areas enhance coral reef functioning by promoting fish biodiversity

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: March 1, 2019

Abstract Preserving biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Anthropocene is one of humanity's greatest challenges. Ecosystem‐based management area closures are considered an effective way to maintain ecological processes, especially marine systems. Although there strong evidence that such measures positively affect community structure, their impact on rate key processes remains unclear. Here, we provide protected areas enhance herbivory rates coral reefs via direct indirect pathways. Using meta‐analysis a path‐analytical framework, demonstrate that, average, increase species richness herbivorous fishes, which, turn, enhances browsing macroalgae. However, all three regions studied (the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Ocean), small subset herbivore assemblage accounted for majority browsing. Our results therefore indicate functioning may respond both protection species.

Language: Английский

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Coral cover a stronger driver of reef fish trophic biomass than fishing

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Abstract An influential paradigm in coral reef ecology is that fishing causes trophic cascades through fish assemblages, resulting reduced herbivory and thus benthic phase shifts from to algal dominance. Few long‐term field tests exist of how affects the structure such changes affect benthos. Alternatively, change itself may drive assemblages. Reef cover were quantified almost annually 1983 2014 at two small Philippine islands (Apo, Sumilon). At each island a No‐Take Marine Reserve (NTMR) site open subsistence monitored. Thirteen groups identified. Large planktivores often accounted for >50% assemblage biomass. Significant NTMR effects detected total biomass, but only 2 13 components: generalist large predators planktivores. Fishing‐induced biomass these components had no effect on live hard (HC) cover. In contrast, HC affected 11 significantly. Positive associations with predators, piscivores, obligate feeders, planktivores, Negative foragers, detritivores, excavators, scrapers, sand feeders. These most clear when environmental disturbances (e.g., bleaching, typhoons) cover, quickly (1–2 yr), recovered, slowly (5–10 yr). As changed, changed. Benthic assemblages distinct all sites outset, remaining so 31 yr, despite differences pressure disturbance history. alone explained ~30% variability structure, whereas 24%. Furthermore, more strongly than fishing. Management reefs must include measures maintain habitats, not just reduce by NTMRs.

Language: Английский

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Trophic redundancy and predator size class structure drive differences in kelp forest ecosystem dynamics

Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(5)

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Abstract Ecosystems are changing at alarming rates because of climate change and a wide variety other anthropogenic stressors. These stressors have the potential to cause phase shifts less productive ecosystems. A major challenge for ecologists is identify ecosystem attributes that enhance resilience can buffer systems from desirable alternative states. In this study, we used Northern Channel Islands, California, as model kelp forest had been perturbed loss an important sea star predator due wasting disease. To determine mechanisms prevent forests urchin barrens, compared pre‐ postdisease assemblages predictors purple densities. We found prior onset disease outbreak, sunflower exerted strong predation pressures was able suppress populations effectively. After which functionally extirpated star, response—urchin algal abundances—depended on abundance and/or size remaining species. Inside Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), large numbers sizes predators suppressed resulting in understory growth. Outside MPAs, where these fished, abundant, smaller, grew dramatically absence stars locations. Our results demonstrate protected trophic redundancy inside MPAs creates net stability could limit desirable, states when perturbed. This highlights importance harboring diversity managing guilds.

Language: Английский

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