Areas of plant diversity—What do we know? DOI Creative Commons
Neil Brummitt, Ana Cláudia Araújo, Timothy Harris

et al.

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 33 - 44

Published: May 21, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Identifying regions of the world that are rich in plant species will enable conservation efforts to be more effectively targeted. We present a review global studies diversity, including novel analyses from our own work, and highlight areas consistently identified by multiple utilizing varied data sets as being particularly species. This interest botanical professionals conservationists seeking identify conserve priority species‐rich environments, those working progress international targets, all interested distribution biodiversity its conservation. Summary Areas high diversity for vascular plants, both numbers endemic species, now well established agreement across variety using wide range different sources. Here we current state knowledge geographical patterns around world, compare this with vertebrate taxonomic groups, reflect on next steps better characterizing order achieve effective prioritization. illustrate three types differing degrees ecological resolution. At broad spatial scales these largely congruent each other endemism terrestrial vertebrates.

Language: Английский

Extinction risk and threats to plants and fungi DOI Creative Commons
Eimear Nic Lughadha, Steven P. Bachman, Tarciso C. C. Leão

et al.

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 389 - 408

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement There is increasing awareness that plants and fungi, as natural solutions, can play an important role in tackling ongoing global environmental challenges. We illustrate how understanding current projected threats to fungi necessary manage mitigate risks, while building of gaps bias assessment coverage essential adequately prioritize conservation efforts. highlight the state art science point methods future studies needed species extinction. Summary Plant fungal biodiversity underpin life on earth merit careful stewardship increasingly uncertain environment. However, biases documented extinction risks plant impede effective management. Formal risk assessments help avoid extinctions, through engagement, financial, or legal mechanisms, but most lack assessments. Available cover c. 30% (ThreatSearch). Red List overrepresents woody perennials useful plants, underrepresents single‐country endemics. Fungal overrepresent well‐known are too few infer status trends. Proportions assessed vascular considered threatened vary between datasets: 37% (ThreatSearch), 44% (International Union for Conservation Nature Threatened Species). Our predictions, correcting several quantifiable biases, suggest 39% all with other remain unquantified, may affect our estimate. Preliminary trend data show moving toward Quantitative estimates based understate likely loss: they do not fully capture impacts climate change, slow‐acting threats, clustering risk, which could amplify loss evolutionary potential. The importance estimation support existing emerging initiatives grow intensify. This necessitates urgent strategic expansion efforts comprehensive risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

349
Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water DOI
Martin Jung, Andy Arnell, Xavier De Lamo

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(11), P. 1499 - 1509

Published: Aug. 23, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

271
A “Global Safety Net” to reverse biodiversity loss and stabilize Earth’s climate DOI Creative Commons
Eric Dinerstein, Anup R. Joshi, Carly Vynne

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(36)

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

The “Global Safety Net” shows where nature could be conserved and connected to reverse biodiversity loss stabilize climate.

Language: Английский

Citations

257
Endemism increases species' climate change risk in areas of global biodiversity importance DOI
Stella Manes, Mark J. Costello, Heath Beckett

et al.

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 109070 - 109070

Published: April 9, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

240
The number of tree species on Earth DOI Creative Commons
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Peter B. Reich, Javier G. P. Gamarra

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(6)

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Significance Tree diversity is fundamental for forest ecosystem stability and services. However, because of limited available data, estimates tree at large geographic domains still rely heavily on published lists species descriptions that are geographically uneven in coverage. These limitations have precluded efforts to generate a global perspective. Here, based ground-sourced database, we estimate the number biome, continental, scales. We estimated richness (≈73,300) ≈14% higher than numbers known today, with most undiscovered being rare, continentally endemic, tropical or subtropical. results highlight vulnerability anthropogenic changes.

Language: Английский

Citations

163
Climate-driven changes in the composition of New World plant communities DOI
Kenneth J. Feeley, Catherine H. Bravo‐Avila, Belén Fadrique

et al.

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 965 - 970

Published: Aug. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

159
Ethiopian vegetation types, climate and topography DOI Creative Commons
Mengesha Asefa, Min Cao, Yunyun He

et al.

Plant Diversity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 42(4), P. 302 - 311

Published: May 25, 2020

Ethiopia is land of geographical contrasts with elevations that range from 125 m below sea level in the Danakil Depression to 4533 above Semien Mountains, a world heritage site. The diverse climate various ecological regions country has driven establishment vegetation, which Afroalpine vegetation mountains arid and semi-arid type lowlands. formation Ethiopian highly connected geological history country. Highland uplift rift due volcanic forces formed novel habitats different topography climatic conditions have ultimately become drivers for diversification. Due Ethiopia's connection temperate biome north Arabian Peninsula during dry glacial period, biotic assemblage highlands consists both Afrotropical palearctic biota. In general, eight distinct types been identified Ethiopia, based mainly on elevation gradients. These host their own unique species, but also share several common species. Some are as centers endemism subsequently globally East African Afromontane hotspot. biologically rich, more than 6500 vascular plant Of these 12% endemic isolation conditions. However, researchers yet extensively investigate ecology, phenology, well evolutionary, genetics, conservation status vegetations at community species over space time. This lack research barrier achieving goal zero global extinctions. Taxa extinction risk assessment not carried out majority Detailed needed explore how respond rapidly growing environmental change. Currently, human-induced change habitat fragmentation severely threatening country's biodiversity, consequences effects studied large. Furthermore, we still scientific evidence micro- macro-ecological evolutionary processes shaping structures this climatically, topographically, geologically gaps our knowledge represent an opportunity ecologists, geneticists, biologists, other experts biodiversity complex involved structuring dynamics so help take effective actions.

Language: Английский

Citations

153
30% land conservation and climate action reduces tropical extinction risk by more than 50% DOI Creative Commons
Lee Hannah, Patrick R. Roehrdanz, Pablo A. Marquet

et al.

Ecography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(7), P. 943 - 953

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Limiting climate change to less than 2°C is the focus of international policy under convention (UNFCCC), and essential preventing extinctions, a Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The post‐2020 biodiversity framework drafted by CBD proposes conserving 30% both land oceans 2030. However, combined impact extinction risk species from limiting increasing extent protected conserved areas has not been assessed. Here we create conservation spatial plans minimize in tropics using data 289 219 modeling two future greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCP2.6 8.5) while varying terrestrial <17% 50%. We find that area could more halve aggregate compared with uncontrolled no increase area.

Language: Английский

Citations

145
How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity DOI
Xiao Feng, Cory Merow,

Zhihua Liu

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 597(7877), P. 516 - 521

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

125
Global abundance estimates for 9,700 bird species DOI Creative Commons
Corey T. Callaghan, Shinichi Nakagawa, William K. Cornwell

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(21)

Published: May 17, 2021

Significance For the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology, and conservation, abundance estimates organisms are essential. Quantifying abundance, however, is difficult time consuming. Using a data integration approach integrating expert-derived global citizen science data, we estimate population 9,700 bird species (∼92% all extant species). We conclude that there many rare species, highlighting need to continue refine for taxa role can play in this effort.

Language: Английский

Citations

121