Fine-root traits in the global spectrum of plant form and function

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 597(7878), P. 683 - 687

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Concepts and applications in functional diversity

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 1869 - 1885

Published: July 16, 2021

Abstract The use of functional diversity analyses in ecology has grown exponentially over the past two decades, broadening our understanding biological and its change across space time. Virtually all ecological sub‐disciplines recognise critical value looking at species communities from a perspective, this led to proliferation methods for estimating contrasting dimensions diversity. Differences between these their development generated terminological inconsistencies confusion about selection most appropriate approach addressing any particular question, hampering potential comparative studies, simulation exercises meta‐analyses. Two general mathematical frameworks are prevailing: those based on dissimilarity matrices (e.g. Rao entropy, dendrograms) relying multidimensional spaces, constructed as either convex hulls or probabilistic hypervolumes. We review frameworks, discuss strengths weaknesses provide an overview main R packages performing calculations. In parallel, we propose way organising metrics unified scheme quantify richness, divergence regularity individuals under each framework. This offers roadmap confidently approaching both theoretically practically. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, Trends, and Perspectives

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 31 - 63

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on several key concepts, debates, patterns, trends, drivers. review the history multiple dimensions values biodiversity, we explore what is known not about global patterns biodiversity. then changes biodiversity from early human times to modern era, examining rates extinction direct drivers change also highlighting some less-well-studied Finally, turn attention indirect loss, notably humanity's increasing consumption footprint, might be required reverse ongoing decline fabric life Earth.

Language: Английский

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Animal functional traits: Towards a trait‐based ecology for whole ecosystems

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 4 - 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Functional traits and associated trait‐based concepts have driven rapid innovation in ecology over recent years, with most progress based on insights from plants. However, plants are almost entirely restricted to a single trophic level, an over‐reliance plant therefore neglects the complexity importance of biotic interactions across levels. The need expand focus account for has led upsurge attention animal functional emergence new relevant community ecology, macroecology ecosystem science. Recent compilation global trait datasets some taxa opened up possibilities testing ecological theory. In this Special Focus, we explore how can scope investigation multiple levels, these investigations be used upscale understanding local communities biogeographical patterns ultimately help predict impacts change functions. To address key questions, showcase studies diverse ranging size springtails crocodiles spanning levels primary consumers apex predators. This collection shows precise measurements morphological or physiological increase mechanistic assembly particularly mechanisms underpinning large‐scale biodiversity patterns. Furthermore, clearer picture is emerging systematic responses environmental that shape composition affect functioning. articles volume highlight move beyond limits taxonomic boundaries. integration data opens identifying general processes operating at different scales. identification their interplay underpin development whole ecosystems, which could eventually enable predictions ecosystem‐level consequences loss. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8026), P. 808 - 814

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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funspace: An R package to build, analyse and plot functional trait spaces

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Aim Functional trait space analyses are pivotal to describe and compare organisms' functional diversity across the tree of life. Yet, there is no single application that streamlines many sometimes‐troublesome steps needed build analyse spaces. Innovation To fill this gap, we propose funspace , an R package easily handle bivariate multivariate analyses. The six functions constitute can be grouped in three modules: ‘Building exploring’, ‘Mapping’ ‘Plotting’. building exploring module defines main features a (e.g. metrics) by leveraging kernel density‐based methods. mapping uses general additive models map how target variable distributes within space. plotting provides options for creating flexible publication‐ready figures representing outputs obtained from previous modules. We provide worked example demonstrate complete workflow. Main Conclusions will researchers working with traits life new tool explore: (i) any space, (ii) relationship between other biological or non‐biological factor might contribute shaping species' diversity.

Language: Английский

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A global ecological signal of extinction risk in terrestrial vertebrates

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(3)

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

To determine the distribution and causes of extinction threat across functional groups terrestrial vertebrates, we assembled an ecological trait data set for 18,016 species vertebrates utilized phylogenetic comparative methods to test which categories habitat association, mode locomotion, feeding best predicted risk. We also examined individual International Union Conservation Nature Red List drivers (e.g., agriculture logging) threatening each determined greatest threats four vertebrate groups. then quantified sum provide a multistressor perspective on threat. Cave dwelling amphibians (p < 0.01), arboreal quadrupedal mammals (all are primates) aerial scavenging birds pedal (i.e., walking) squamates 0.01) were all disproportionately threatened with in comparison other assessed traits. Across study, most common risk factors agriculture, 4491 species, followed by logging, 3187 invasive disease, 2053 species. Species at higher simultaneously from greater number types. If left unabated, disproportionate loss certain traits increasing anthropogenic pressures likely disrupt ecosystem functions globally. A shift focus species- trait-centric conservation practices will allow protection at-risk diversity regional global scales.Una Señal Ecológica Mundial del Riesgo de Extinción los Vertebrados Terrestres Resumen Construimos un conjunto datos atributos ecológicos especies vertebrados terrestres y utilizamos métodos comparación filogenética para analizar cuáles categorías asociación hábitat, modo locomoción alimentación predicen mejor manera el riesgo extinción. Lo anterior lo hicimos determinar la distribución las causas amenazas extinción largo grupos funcionales terrestres. También examinamos individuales factores (p. ej.: agricultura, tala árboles) Lista Roja Unión Internacional Conservación Naturaleza que amenazan cada especie determinamos principales uno cuatro Después cuantificamos suma proporcionar una perspectiva estresores múltiples sobre amenaza. Los anfibios cavernícolas mamíferos arbóreos cuadrúpedos (todos son aves aéreas carroñeras escamados caminantes tuvieron amenaza desproporcionada en con otros analizados. En todas estudiamos, más comunes fueron 4,491 especies, deforestación, 3,187 especies; le siguen invasoras enfermedades, juntas 2,053 especies. Las mayor también se encontraban simultáneamente por número tipos amenazas. Si esto mantiene constante, pérdida ciertos creciente presión antropogénica probablemente alteren funciones ecosistémicas nivel mundial. Un cambio enfoque prácticas conservación, estar centradas atributos, permitirá protección diversidad funcional desde escala hasta global.

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Extinction of threatened vertebrates will lead to idiosyncratic changes in functional diversity across the world

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Abstract Although species with larger body size and slow pace of life have a higher risk extinction at global scale, it is unclear whether this trend will be consistent across biogeographic realms. Here we measure the functional diversity terrestrial freshwater vertebrates in six realms predict their future changes through scenarios mimicking gradient threatened species. We show vastly different effects extinctions on between taxonomic groups realms, ranging from almost no decline to deep losses. The Indo-Malay Palearctic are particularly inclined experience drastic loss reaching 29 31%, respectively. Birds, mammals, reptiles regionally display loss, while projected losses amphibians fishes differ More efficient conservation policies should consider marked regional world.

Language: Английский

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FISHMORPH: A global database on morphological traits of freshwater fishes

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(12), P. 2330 - 2336

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Abstract Motivation Global freshwater fish biodiversity and the responses of fishes to global changes have been explored intensively using taxonomic data, whereas functional aspects remain understudied owing lack knowledge for most species. To fill this gap, we compiled morphological traits related locomotion feeding world fauna based on pictures scientific drawings available from literature. Main types variables contained The database includes 10 measured 8,342 species, covering 48.69% fauna. Spatial location grain Global. Major taxa level measurement considers ray‐finned (class Actinopterygii). Measurements were made at species level. Software format .csv. conclusion FISHMORPH provides comprehensive date. It represents an essential source information ecologists environmental managers seeking consider patterns faunas throughout globe, those interested in current future impacts human activities structure assemblages. Given high threat status environments they host, believe will be great interest studies ecology research conservation.

Language: Английский

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Threatened and extinct island endemic birds of the world: Distribution, threats and functional diversity

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(11), P. 1920 - 1940

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Abstract Aim The world's islands support disproportionate levels of endemic avian biodiversity despite suffering numerous extinctions. While intensive recent research has focused on island bird conservation or extinction, few global syntheses have considered these factors together from the perspective morphological trait diversity. Here, we provide a summary status and ecology extant extinct birds, threats they face implications species loss for functional Location Global. Taxon Birds. Methods We review literature threatened with particular focus studies that incorporated Alongside this, analyse IUCN Red List data in relation to distribution, taxonomy. Using null models hypervolumes, combination data, assess diversity represented by birds. Results main conclusions find almost half all birds 1500 CE are currently either majority having declining population trends. also found evidence 66 subspecies primary agriculture, biological resource use, invasive species. there is overlap between hotspots endemics some notable differences, including Philippines Indonesia, which substantial number but no recorded post‐1500 Traits associated large body mass, flightlessness, aquatic predator, omnivorous vertivorous trophic niches, marine habitat affinity, and, paradoxically, higher dispersal ability. Critically, (i) occupy distinct areas beak morphospace, (ii) represent unique overall space endemics. caution may severe effects ecological functions islands.

Language: Английский

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