Bird species' tolerance to human pressures and associations with population change

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(5)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Aim Some species thrive in human‐dominated environments, while others are highly sensitive to all human pressures. However, standardized estimates of species' tolerances pressures lacking at large spatial extents and taxonomic breadth. Here, we quantify the world's bird The associated precision values can be applied scientific research conservation. Location Global. Time Period 2013–2021. Major Taxa Studied 6090 species. Methods We used binary observation data from eBird modelled occurrences as a function Human Footprint Index (HFI). With these models, predicted how likely each was occur under different levels Then, calculated Tolerance (HTI) level HFI where occurrence probability reduced 50% maximum probability. resampling obtain uncertainty Indices. also compared across with increasing, stable, decreasing population trends. Results found that 22% tolerated most modified whereas 0.001% only occurred intact environments. HTI varied according trend categories, whereby trends had lower tolerance than increasing or stable Main Conclusions estimated indicates potential exist landscape intensifying It identify unable tolerate environments inform subsequent conservation efforts. evidence sensitivity may driving birds' use space. Bird linked their trends, making relevant addition planning.

Language: Английский

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The great urban shift: Climate change is predicted to drive mass species turnover in cities

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e0299217 - e0299217

Published: March 27, 2024

Human experiences with nature are important for our culture, economy, and health. Anthropogenically-driven climate change is causing widespread shifts in biodiversity resident urban wildlife no exception. We modelled over 2,000 animal species to predict how will impact terrestrial within 60 Canadian American cities. found evidence of an impending great shift where thousands disappear across the selected cities, being replaced by new species, or not at all. Effects were largely species-specific, most negatively impacted taxa amphibians, canines, loons. These predicted consistent scenarios greenhouse gas emissions, but results show that severity be defined action inaction mitigate change. An massive cultural human residents, delivery ecosystem services, relationship nature.

Language: Английский

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Urban birds' tolerance towards humans was largely unaffected by COVID-19 shutdown-induced variation in human presence

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and respective shutdowns dramatically altered human activities, potentially changing pressures on urban-dwelling animals. Here, we use such COVID-19-induced variation in presence to evaluate, across multiple temporal scales, how urban birds from five countries changed their tolerance towards humans, measured as escape distance. We collected 6369 responses for 147 species found that numbers parks at a given hour, day, week or year (before during shutdowns) had little effect birds’ distances. All effects centered around zero, except the actual trial (hourly scale) correlated negatively, albeit weakly, with results were similar most species. Our highlight resilience of changes complexities linking animal fear behavior, challenge quantifying both simultaneously situ.

Language: Английский

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Impulsores locales y paisajísticos de los cambios en la comunidad de aves en parques urbanos de una ciudad neotropical

Acta Biológica Colombiana, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

El crecimiento urbano afecta la composición y diversidad de las comunidades aves. Sin embargo, estos efectos pueden variar según el nivel urbanización temporada del año. Exploramos cómo variables locales paisajísticas influyeron en aves urbanas evasoras, explotadoras adaptadoras durante dos temporadas parques urbanos periurbanos una ciudad neotropical sur México. Entre 2017 2018, realizamos muestreos no reproductiva (agosto-septiembre) (febrero-marzo). Comparamos entre utilizando los números Hill. Se registraron un total 67 especies urbanas: 38 adaptadoras, 24 evasoras cinco explotadoras. En general, tuvieron mayor ambas comparación con urbanos. Las se asociaron a local paisajístico temporadas, mientras que prefirieron vegetación estructuralmente compleja reproductiva. utilizaron indistintamente. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren densamente urbanizados aumentan dominancia al tiempo disminuyen drásticamente presencia nativas. Los también destacan papel conservación planificación centros neotropicales, reduciendo urbanización.

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Urban birds become less fearful following COVID-19 reopenings

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Abstract Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many people around world stayed home, drastically altering human activity in cities. This exceptional moment provided researchers opportunity to test how urban animals respond disturbance, some cases testing fundamental questions on mechanistic impact of behaviors animal behavior. However, at end this “anthropause,” returned How might each these strong shifts affect wildlife short and long term? We focused fear response, a trait essential tolerating life. measured flight initiation distance—at both individual population-levels—for an bird before, during, after anthropause examine if birds experienced longer-term changes year lowered presence. Dark-eyed juncos did not change levels during anthropause, but they became less fearful afterwards. These surprising counter-intuitive findings, made possible by following behavior individuals over time, has led novel understanding that response can be driven plasticity, yet habituation-like processes. The pandemic-caused have shown there is great complexity humans modify behavioral tolerance animals.

Language: Английский

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Investigating nocturnal UAS treatments in an applied context to prevent gulls from nesting on rooftops

Wildlife Society Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(2)

Published: Jan. 8, 2023

Abstract Ring‐billed ( Larus delawarensis ) and herring L. argentatus gulls are numerous widespread in North America. These rank among the top 9 species for risk of bird‐aircraft collisions (hereafter strikes). The ubiquitous presence urban coastal environments, including rooftop nesting behavior, factors impacting strike risk. Our purpose was to assess gull response a small uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) hazing flights at night during nest‐building phase. We hypothesized that nocturnal UAS operation, like predator disturbance, might reduce numbers and, thus, aircraft. In spring 2021, we conducted treatments over target roofs least once every hour from 2000 until 0200, weather permitting, 15 min 14‐day period each site. flew directly above (~4 m) then descended m/s) within 1 m loafing gulls. No interacted with most flushed 6 minutes. Generally, first treatment dispersed all (min–max = 1–130 individuals) roof an extended period. operations were often grounded because our data limited few individuals present. discuss observations particular attention feasibility possible implications such as shifting birds other sites which, potentially, could be counterproductive management.

Language: Английский

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Urban birds become less fearful following COVID-19 reopenings

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2005)

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many people around world stayed home, drastically altering human activity in cities. This exceptional moment provided researchers opportunity to test how urban animals respond disturbance, some cases testing fundamental questions on mechanistic impact of behaviours animal behaviour. However, at end this 'anthropause', returned How might each these strong shifts affect wildlife short and long term? We focused fear response, a trait essential tolerating life. measured flight initiation distance-at both individual population levels-for an bird before, during after anthropause examine if birds experienced longer-term changes year half lowered presence. Dark-eyed juncos did not change levels anthropause, but they became less fearful afterwards. These surprising counterintuitive findings, made possible by following behaviour individuals over time, has led novel understanding that response can be driven plasticity, yet habituation-like processes. The pandemic-caused have shown there is great complexity humans modify behavioural tolerance animals.

Language: Английский

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Response of atmospheric deposition and surface water chemistry to the COVID-19 lockdown in an alpine area

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(41), P. 62312 - 62329

Published: April 9, 2022

The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on deposition and surface water chemistry were investigated in an area south Alps. Long-term data provided by monitoring networks revealed that sulfur nitrogen compounds this has stabilized since around 2010; 2020, however, both concentrations significantly below average values previous decade for SO4 NO3. Less evident changes observed NH4 base cation. estimated decrease 2020 with respect to was - 54% 46% NO3, respectively. lower NO3 recorded caused sharp SO2 particularly NOx air mainly due mobility restrictions consequent lockdown. limited can be explained fact NH3 emission not affected lockdown, being related agricultural activities. A widespread response decreased S N a group pristine freshwater sites, clearly long-term average. rapid chemical recovery at sites put evidence high resilience potential ecosystems regions demonstrated great reduction policy producing further substantial ameliorations quality sensitive sites.

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 pandemic “anthropause” decreased plastic ingestion in neotropic cormorants Nannopterum brasilianus in Lima, Peru

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. e17407 - e17407

Published: May 30, 2024

The anthropause during the recent COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine impact of human activity on seabirds. Lockdowns in Peru prevented people from visiting coastal areas, thereby reducing garbage disposal beaches and movement microplastics into ocean. This cessation activities likely led temporary decrease plastic pollution regions. We aimed investigate this phenomenon inshore-feeding neotropic cormorants (

Language: Английский

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Pandemics and landscape ecology in a post-COVID world

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(9)

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

inherently inter-disciplinary, could bring to our understanding of COVID spread and its consequences.In addition drawing on previous research by landscape epidemiologists, Azevedo et al. (2020) highlighted the need draw expertise links between social ecological systems, within urban landscapes goods services.These are areas that many ecologists have been doing work in, but stressed importance these respond COVID-19 pandemic.They for a epidemiology approach better link environmental health with goal increasing human systems.Their overall was illustrate what ecology as discipline learn from pandemic, how inherent interdisciplinarity, spatially explicit focus, cross-scale perspective contribute solutions minimize disease build world post-pandemic.The articles comprise this Collection reflect (but not all) themes highlights early in pandemic (https:// link.sprin ger.com/ colle ctions/ fbbjg hdeha).Emphasizing focus ecology, concepts tools aid change (including habitat loss fragmentation, road building, disturbances, climate change) influence diseases.In Collection,

Language: Английский

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