Omega-6
fatty
acids
(ω-6)
are
essential
polyunsaturated
(PUFAs)
prevalent
in
vegetable
oils,
nuts,
and
seeds,
with
linoleic
acid
(LA,
18:2(ω-6))
contributing
as
a
major
precursor
to
bioactive
metabolites.
This
study
analyzes
the
dual
function
of
omega-6
immune
modulation,
inflammation,
cancer
advancement,
emphasizing
their
pro-inflammatory
anti-inflammatory
characteristics.
Arachidonic
(ARA),
derivative
LA,
modulates
cell
activation,
cytokine
synthesis,
oxidative
stress
via
eicosanoid
signaling
pathways,
including
prostaglandins,
leukotrienes,
lipoxins.
Metabolites
like
prostaglandin
E2
(PGE2)
facilitate
inflammation
suppression
within
tumor
microenvironment,
whereas
lipoxin
A4
(LXA4)
demonstrates
pro-resolving
anti-tumorigenic
properties.
The
metabolic
rivalry
between
omega-3
also
influences
immunological
homeostasis
advancement
illness.
Considering
contemporary
dietary
imbalance
favoring
elevated
consumption,
our
results
highlight
need
for
nuanced
approach
guidelines
that
accounts
intricate
interactions
PUFAs
modulation
resolution.
Future
studies
should
investigate
tailored
strategies
treatment
interventions
aimed
at
PUFA
metabolism
alleviate
chronic
inflammatory
disorders
malignancy.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
622(7984), P. 775 - 783
Published: Oct. 11, 2023
Latin
America
continues
to
be
severely
underrepresented
in
genomics
research,
and
fine-scale
genetic
histories
complex
trait
architectures
remain
hidden
owing
insufficient
data1.
To
fill
this
gap,
the
Mexican
Biobank
project
genotyped
6,057
individuals
from
898
rural
urban
localities
across
all
32
states
Mexico
at
a
resolution
of
1.8
million
genome-wide
markers
with
linked
disease
information
creating
valuable
nationwide
genotype-phenotype
database.
Here,
using
ancestry
deconvolution
inference
identity-by-descent
segments,
we
inferred
ancestral
population
sizes
Mesoamerican
regions
over
time,
unravelling
Indigenous,
colonial
postcolonial
demographic
dynamics2-6.
We
observed
variation
runs
homozygosity
among
genomic
different
ancestries
reflecting
distinct
and,
turn,
distributions
rare
deleterious
variants.
conducted
association
studies
(GWAS)
for
22
traits
found
that
several
are
better
predicted
GWAS
compared
UK
GWAS7,8.
identified
environmental
factors
associating
variation,
such
as
length
genome
predictor
body
mass
index,
triglycerides,
glucose
height.
This
study
provides
insights
into
dissects
their
architectures,
both
crucial
making
precision
preventive
medicine
initiatives
accessible
worldwide.
Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
383(6686)
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
We
describe
humans
with
rare
biallelic
loss-of-function
PTCRA
variants
impairing
pre-α
T
cell
receptor
(pre-TCRα)
expression.
Low
circulating
naive
αβ
counts
at
birth
persisted
over
time,
normal
memory
and
high
γδ
counts.
Their
TCRα
repertoire
was
biased,
which
suggests
that
noncanonical
thymic
differentiation
pathways
can
rescue
development.
Only
a
minority
of
these
individuals
were
sick,
infection,
lymphoproliferation,
and/or
autoimmunity.
also
report
1
in
4000
from
the
Middle
East
South
Asia
are
homozygous
for
common
hypomorphic
variant.
They
had
but
Although
residual
pre-TCRα
expression
drove
more
cells,
autoimmune
conditions
frequent
patients
compared
general
population.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(7)
Published: Feb. 14, 2024
The
timing
for
the
evolution
of
capacity
to
inscribe
landscape
with
rock
art
has
global
relevance.
While
this
was
an
in-built
when
Homo
sapiens
first
colonized
Americas,
heterogeneous
distribution
shows
that
it
a
facultative
behavior
arising
under
unknown
socioecological
conditions.
Patagonia
last
region
be
explored
by
humans.
its
is
globally
important,
remains
largely
undated
absolute
methods.
We
report
earliest
set
directly
radiocarbon-dated
motifs
from
archaeological
site
Cueva
Huenul
1
(northwestern
Patagonia,
Argentina),
starting
at
8.2
thousand
years
before
present
(ka
B.P.),
predating
previous
records
several
millennia,
and
encompassing
over
3
ka
(~130
human
generations).
This
mid-Holocene
“rock
emergence”
phase
overlaps
extremely
arid
conditions
demographic
stasis.
suggest
diachronic
emerged
as
part
resilient
response
ecological
stress
highly
mobile
low-density
populations.
PLoS Genetics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
21(1), P. e1011537 - e1011537
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Inference
of
evolutionary
and
demographic
parameters
from
a
sample
genome
sequences
often
proceeds
by
first
inferring
identical-by-descent
(IBD)
segments.
By
exploiting
efficient
data
encoding
based
on
the
ancestral
recombination
graph
(ARG),
we
obtain
three
major
advantages
over
current
approaches:
(i)
no
need
to
impose
length
threshold
IBD
segments,
(ii)
can
be
defined
without
hard-to-verify
requirement
recombination,
(iii)
computation
time
reduced
with
little
loss
statistical
efficiency
using
only
segments
set
sequence
pairs
that
scales
linearly
size.
We
demonstrate
powerful
inferences
when
true
information
is
available
simulated
data.
For
inferred
real
data,
propose
an
approximate
Bayesian
inference
algorithm
use
it
show
even
poorly-inferred
short
improve
estimation.
Our
mutation-rate
estimator
achieves
precision
similar
previously-published
method
despite
4
000-fold
reduction
in
used
for
inference,
identify
significant
differences
between
human
populations.
Computational
cost
limits
model
complexity
our
approach,
but
are
able
incorporate
unknown
nuisance
misspecification,
still
finding
improved
parameter
inference.
Recent
studies
have
suggested
that
the
human
germline
mutation
rate
and
spectrum
evolve
rapidly.
Variation
in
generation
time
has
been
linked
to
these
changes,
though
its
contribution
remains
unclear.
We
develop
a
framework
characterize
temporal
changes
polymorphisms
within
between
populations,
while
controlling
for
effects
of
natural
selection
biased
gene
conversion.
Application
1000
Genomes
Project
dataset
reveals
multiple
independent
arose
after
split
continental
groups,
including
previously
reported,
transient
elevation
TCC>TTC
mutations
Europeans
novel
signals
divergence
C>Gand
T>A
rates
among
population
samples.
also
find
significant
difference
groups
sampled
outside
Africa
old
T>C
predate
out-of-Africa
migration.
This
surprising
signal
is
driven
by
TpG>CpG
stems
part
from
mis-polarized
CpG
transitions,
which
are
more
likely
undergo
recurrent
mutations.
Finally,
relating
parental
age
on
de
novo
mutations,
we
show
plausible
cannot
explain
patterns
observed
different
types
jointly.
Thus,
other
factors
–
genetic
modifiers
or
environmental
exposures
must
had
non-negligible
impact
landscape.
Archaeometry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 14, 2025
Abstract
Human
genealogies
serve
multiple
functions
beyond
documenting
one's
pedigree.
They
operate
as
complex
social
frameworks
that
structure
knowledge,
delimit
group
membership,
explain
historical
causation,
are
political
tools,
and
provide
chronological
foundations
for
understanding
past
events
processes
across
diverse
knowledge
systems.
Archaeologists,
ethnologists,
historians
have
long
related
information
from
associated
histories
to
solar
calendar
years.
However,
unsystematic
methodologies,
contrasting
ontologies,
ethical
issues
limited
these
approaches.
In
this
paper,
we
review
previous
attempts
at
relating
human
with
We
the
network
approach
a
new
alternative,
including
maximum
minimum
Gregorian
year
limits
each
event's
date
estimate.
consider
method
capable
of
greater
transparency,
adjustment
information,
hypothesis
testing,
internally
consistent
models.
The
efficacy
is
demonstrated
case
study
Māori
(
whakapapa
),
oral
kōrero
tuku
iho
radiocarbon
dates.
Example
genealogical
estimates
interfaced
dates
initial
settlement
Aotearoa
New
Zealand
advent
fortifications
pā
)
in
Waikato
region.
conclude
by
discussing
implications
significance
concerning
Indigenous
research
priorities,
data
sovereignty
principles.
Abstract
The
role
of
balancing
selection
in
maintaining
genetic
variation
remains
an
open
question
population
genetics.
Recent
years
have
seen
numerous
studies
identifying
candidate
loci
potentially
experiencing
selection,
most
predominantly
human
populations.
There
are
however
alternative
evolutionary
processes
that
may
leave
similar
patterns
variation,
thereby
confounding
inference,
and
the
expected
signatures
additionally
change
a
temporal
fashion.
Here
we
use
forward-in-time
simulations
to
quantify
statistical
power
detect
using
both
site
frequency
spectrum-
linkage
disequilibrium-based
methods
under
variety
evolutionarily
realistic
null
models.
We
find
whilst
spectrum-based
little
immediately
after
balanced
mutation
begins
segregating,
increases
with
time
since
introduction
allele.
Conversely,
considerable
allele
is
young,
dissipates
rapidly
as
increases.
Taken
together,
this
suggests
effective
at
detecting
long-term
(>25N
generations
allele)
over
much
shorter
timescales
(<1N
generations),
leaving
large
frame
which
current
action
selection.
Finally,
investigate
extent
mimic
these
patterns,
demonstrate
need
for
caution
attempting
distinguish
from
those
neutral
(e.g.
structure
admixture)
well
selective
partial
sweeps).
Nature Human Behaviour,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
8(8), P. 1467 - 1480
Published: June 3, 2024
The
early
Iron
Age
(800
to
450
BCE)
in
France,
Germany
and
Switzerland,
known
as
the
'West-Hallstattkreis',
stands
out
featuring
earliest
evidence
for
supra-regional
organization
north
of
Alps.
Often
referred
'early
Celtic',
suggesting
tentative
connections
later
cultural
phenomena,
its
societal
population
structure
remain
enigmatic.
Here
we
present
genomic
isotope
data
from
31
individuals
this
context
southern
Germany,
dating
between
616
200
BCE.
We
identify
multiple
biologically
related
groups
spanning
three
elite
burials
far
100
km
apart,
supported
by
trans-regional
individual
mobility
inferred
data.
These
include
a
close
biological
relationship
two
richest
burial
mounds
Hallstatt
culture.
Bayesian
modelling
points
an
avuncular
individuals,
which
may
suggest
practice
matrilineal
dynastic
succession
Celtic
elites.
show
that
their
ancestry
is
shared
on
broad
geographic
scale
Iberia
throughout
Central-Eastern
Europe,
undergoing
decline
after
late
(450
BCE
~50
CE).