PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(5), P. e0273882 - e0273882
Published: May 2, 2023
Mitochondrial
decline
is
a
key
feature
of
ageing.
The
retina
has
more
mitochondria
than
any
other
tissue
and
ages
rapidly.
To
understand
human
retinal
ageing
it
critical
to
examine
old
world
primates
that
have
similar
visual
systems
humans,
do
so
across
central
peripheral
regions,
as
there
evidence
for
early
decline.
Hence,
we
mitochondrial
metrics
in
young
Macaca
fascicularis
retinae.
In
spite
reduced
ATP
with
age,
primate
complex
activity
did
not
But
membrane
potentials
were
significantly,
concomitantly,
permeability
increased.
marker
Tom20
declined
consistent
number,
while
VDAC,
voltage
dependent
anion
channel
diffusion
pore
associated
apoptosis
increased
significantly.
these
clear
age-related
changes,
was
almost
no
regional
differences
between
the
centre
periphery
metrics.
Primate
cones
die
but
many
showed
marked
structural
vacuous
spaces
proximal
inner
segments
normally
occupied
by
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER),
regulate
autophagy.
cones,
ER
displaced
nucleus
transposed
outer
limiting
could
become
embedded
populations.
These
data
are
significant
changes
provide
little
if
aged
suffer
those
periphery.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. 100162 - 100162
Published: Jan. 14, 2023
The
retina
of
vertebrates
is
responsible
for
detecting
and
capturing
ambient
light
image
non-image
forming
(NIF)
functions
through
diverse
projections
to
the
brain
which
regulate
visual
processing,
pupillary
responses,
photic
synchronization
circadian
rhythms
suppression
pineal
melatonin,
among
others.
For
this,
have
retained
evolution
at
least
two
sets
photoreceptors
specialized
primarily
in
such
NIF
tasks:
cones
rods
day/night
vision,
intrinsically
photosensitive
retinal
ganglion
cells
(ipRGC)
together
with
horizontal
some
vertebrates,
expressing
melanopsin
(Opn4).
Interestingly,
Opn4
as
well
encephalopsin
(Opn3)
neuropsin
(Opn5),
responding
blue
UV
light,
respectively,
are
expressed
inner
command
detection
range
visible
spectra;
they
a
number
still
lacking
characterization.
Though
most
derived
from
ciliary
or
neuronal
progenitor
cells,
recent
years
Müller
glial
(MCs),
abundant
cell
type,
been
shown
express
different
opsins
(Opn3
Opn5)
photoisomerase
G
protein-coupled
receptor
(RGR),
respond
directly
light.
MCs
display
essential
maintain
homeostasis
survival
whole
retina,
contributing
glutamate
metabolism
chromophore
recycling.
novel
photoreceptive
capacity
MCs,
mainly
region,
offers
several
highly
intriguing
possibilities
that
increase
complexity
levels
its
light-activated
circuits,
calling
further
investigation.
goal
present
review
discuss
state
art
research
on
principal
macroglial
focusing
responses
driven
by
biochemical
mechanisms
triggered
after
stimulation
their
putative
implications.
Biomedical Optics Express,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(10), P. 5512 - 5512
Published: Aug. 25, 2023
Mitochondria
are
candidate
reflectivity
signal
sources
in
optical
coherence
tomography
(OCT)
retinal
imaging.
Here,
we
use
deep-learning-assisted
volume
electron
microscopy
of
human
retina
and
vivo
imaging
to
map
mitochondria
networks
the
outer
plexiform
layer
(OPL),
where
photoreceptors
synapse
with
second-order
interneurons.
We
observed
alternating
layers
high
low
mitochondrial
abundance
anatomical
OPL
adjacent
inner
nuclear
(INL).
Subcellular
resolution
OCT
eyes
revealed
multiple
reflective
bands
that
matched
corresponding
INL
combined
sublayers.
Data
linking
specific
defined
may
help
improve
clinical
diagnosis
evaluation
mitochondria-targeting
therapies.
Frontiers in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Oct. 20, 2022
MDM2
is
the
principal
inhibitor
of
p53,
and
inhibitors
can
disrupt
physical
interaction
between
p53.
The
half-life
p53
very
short
in
normal
cells
tissues,
an
uncontrolled
increase
levels
has
potential
harmful
effects.
It
been
shown
that
frequently
mutated
most
cancers;
however,
mutations
are
rare
retinoblastoma.
Therefore,
therapeutic
strategies
aimed
at
increasing
expression
wild-type
attractive.
In
this
minireview,
we
discuss
use
nutlin-3,
prototype
small
molecule
disrupts
MDM2-p53
interaction,
for
treatment
Although
pleiotropic
biological
effects,
functions
depend
on
its
sub-cellular
localization.
nucleus,
induces
transcription
a
vast
array
genes,
while
mitochondria,
regulates
mitochondrial
metabolism.
This
review
also
discusses
relative
contribution
p53-mediated
gene
perturbation
retinoblastoma
treatment.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(5), P. e0273882 - e0273882
Published: May 2, 2023
Mitochondrial
decline
is
a
key
feature
of
ageing.
The
retina
has
more
mitochondria
than
any
other
tissue
and
ages
rapidly.
To
understand
human
retinal
ageing
it
critical
to
examine
old
world
primates
that
have
similar
visual
systems
humans,
do
so
across
central
peripheral
regions,
as
there
evidence
for
early
decline.
Hence,
we
mitochondrial
metrics
in
young
Macaca
fascicularis
retinae.
In
spite
reduced
ATP
with
age,
primate
complex
activity
did
not
But
membrane
potentials
were
significantly,
concomitantly,
permeability
increased.
marker
Tom20
declined
consistent
number,
while
VDAC,
voltage
dependent
anion
channel
diffusion
pore
associated
apoptosis
increased
significantly.
these
clear
age-related
changes,
was
almost
no
regional
differences
between
the
centre
periphery
metrics.
Primate
cones
die
but
many
showed
marked
structural
vacuous
spaces
proximal
inner
segments
normally
occupied
by
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER),
regulate
autophagy.
cones,
ER
displaced
nucleus
transposed
outer
limiting
could
become
embedded
populations.
These
data
are
significant
changes
provide
little
if
aged
suffer
those
periphery.
