Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(2), P. 455 - 553

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to connected global Internet due lack soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in fact that electronics and biology are distinct incompatible, as they based on different materials via functioning principles. particular, body is curvilinear, yet typically rigid planar. Recent advances design have generated tremendous opportunities wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge gap, enabling ultimate dream healthcare anyone, anytime, anywhere. We begin with a review historical development healthcare, indicating significant trend healthcare. This followed by focal point discussion about new design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. summarize material types their attributes designing bioelectronic sensors; we also cover synthesis fabrication methods, top-down, bottom-up, combined approaches. Next, discuss energy challenges progress made date. addition front-end devices, describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, software. Afterward, integration systems been applied various testbeds real-world settings, laboratories preclinical clinical environments. Finally, narrate remaining conjunction our perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in 4D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(23)

Published: Dec. 3, 2022

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are renowned for their large, reversible, and anisotropic shape change in response to various external stimuli due lightly cross-linked polymer networks with an oriented mesogen direction, thus showing great potential applications robotics, bio-medics, electronics, optics, energy. To fully take advantage of the stimuli-responsive behaviors LCEs, it is preferable achieve a locally controlled alignment into monodomain orientations. In recent years, application 4D printing LCEs opens new doors simultaneously programming 3D geometry, offering more opportunities higher feasibility fabrication 4D-printed LCE objects desirable properties. Here, state-of-the-art advances reviewed, emphasis on both mechanisms applications. First, fundamental properties working principles representative techniques briefly introduced. Then, by advantages over conventional manufacturing methods demonstrated. Finally, perspectives current challenges development trends toward discussed, which may shed light future research directions this field.

Language: Английский

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3D printing of magneto-active smart materials for advanced actuators and soft robotics applications

European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 112718 - 112718

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

In the contemporary era, novel manufacturing technologies like additive (AM) have revolutionized different engineering sectors including biomedical, aerospace, electronics, etc. Four-dimensional (4D) printing aka AM of smart materials is gaining popularity among scientific community, which has excellent ability to make soft structures such as robots, actuators, and grippers. These are developed by applying various stimuli pH, temperature, magnetic field, many combinations onto materials. Stimuli in 3D permit shape-morphing behaviors bending, twisting, folding, swelling, rolling, shrinking, origami, or locomotion. A wide variety can be fabricated through incorporation hard particles into resulting magneto-active (MASMs). With this integration, magneto-thermal coupling actuation allows diverse magneto-deformations, facilitating development personalized devices that capable enhanced deformation. review, guidelines provided on for MASMs polymers (MAPs), composites, hydrogels (MAHs) booming flexible wearable biomimetic devices. Moreover, 3D-printed robotics an outstanding capacity adapt complicated situations advanced actuating applications. Finally, some current challenges emerging areas exciting technology been proposed. Lastly, it anticipated technological advancements developing intelligent will a significant impact design real-world

Language: Английский

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Multimodal Soft Robotic Actuation and Locomotion

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(19)

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Diverse and adaptable modes of complex motion observed at different scales in living creatures are challenging to reproduce robotic systems. Achieving dexterous movement conventional robots can be difficult due the many limitations applying rigid materials. Robots based on soft materials inherently deformable, compliant, adaptable, adjustable, making robotics conducive creating machines with complicated actuation gaits. This review examines mechanisms modalities deformation that respond various stimuli. Then, strategies composite considered build toward actuators combine multiple for sophisticated movements. Examples across literature illustrate development as free-moving, entirely soft-bodied locomotion gaits via careful manipulation external The further highlights how application functional into components enhances their locomotive abilities. Finally, taking advantage shape-morphing properties materials, reconfigurable have shown capacity adaptive enable transition environments optimal efficiency. Overall, varied multimodal robots, positioning make real-world applications intricate tasks.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Crystal Elastomer–Liquid Metal Composite: Ultrafast, Untethered, and Programmable Actuation by Induction Heating

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(34)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of stimuli-responsive materials that have been intensively studied for applications including artificial muscles, shape morphing structures, and soft robotics due to their capability large, programmable, fully reversible actuation strains. To take advantage LCEs, rapid, untethered, programmable methods highly desirable. Here, liquid elastomer-liquid metal (LCE-LM) composite is reported, which enables ultrafast actuations by eddy current induction heating. The consists LM sandwiched between two LCE layers printed via direct ink writing (DIW). When subjected high-frequency alternating magnetic field, the actuated in milliseconds. By moving spatially controlled selective actuation. Additionally, sequential achievable programming thickness distribution sample. With these capabilities, LCE-LM further exploited multimodal deformation pop-up structure, on-ground omnidirectional robotic motion, in-water targeted object manipulation crawling.

Language: Английский

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Untethered soft actuators for soft standalone robotics

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract Soft actuators produce the mechanical force needed for functional movements of soft robots, but they suffer from critical drawbacks since previously reported often rely on electrical wires or pneumatic tubes power supply, which would limit potential usage robots in various practical applications. In this article, we review new types untethered that represent breakthroughs and discuss future perspective actuators. We materials innovative strategies gave rise to deliver our challenges opportunities future-generation

Language: Английский

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Strong, healable materials with bio‐like ordered architectures and versatile functionality

SusMat, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Abstract The capacity of biological tissues to undergo self‐healing is crucial for the performance functions and continuation life. Conventional intrinsic materials demonstrate analogous functionality depending on dissociation‐recombination reversible bonds with no need extra repair agents. However, trade‐off relationship between mechanical strength kinetics in systems, coupled lack additional functionality, restricts their service life practical applications. Diversified highly ordered structures organisms significantly affect energy dissipation mechanism, signal transmission efficiency, molecular network reconstruction capability due multi‐dimensional differentiated macroscopic composite constructions, microscopic orientation textures, topologies/bonding types at level. These architectures exhibit distinctive strengthening mechanisms functionalities, which provide valuable references. This review aims providing current status advanced biomimetic internal micro/nanostructures. Through highlighting specific examples, classifications, design inspirations, fabrication strategies these newly developed based integrating dynamic interactions nano/microstructures are outlined. Furthermore, balance mechanisms, structure–functionalization relationships, potential application values discussed. concludes a perspective challenges, opportunities, prospects development, application, promotion self‐healable bio‐like architectures.

Language: Английский

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Cluster‐Triggered Self‐Luminescence, Rapid Self‐Healing, and Adaptive Reprogramming Liquid Crystal Elastomers Enabled by Dynamic Imine Bond

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(31)

Published: April 17, 2024

Abstract The integration of advanced functions and diverse practical applications calls for multifunctional liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs); however, the structure‐intrinsic luminescence excellent mechanical properties LCEs have not yet been explored. In this study, clusteroluminescence (CL)‐based (CL‐LCEs) are successfully fabricated without depending on large conjugated structures, thereby avoiding redundant organic synthesis aggregation‐caused quenching. experimental theoretical results reveal that secondary amine (–NH–) imine (–C = N–) groups play vital roles in determining presence fluorescence CL‐LCEs. Based above observation, strategy universalization a molecular library constructing CL‐LCEs further demonstrated. Meanwhile, dynamic bond bonds endows CL‐LCE system with rapid self‐healing under mild conditions (70 °C 10 min), stretchability, adaptive programmable characteristics. Furthermore, self‐luminescent performance enables visual detection process. Finally, CL‐based information storage anticounterfeiting realized their fiber actuators fluorescent textiles distinctive chemistry presented work has significant implications elucidating mechanism CL providing new strategies rational design novel LCE materials.

Language: Английский

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Adaptive liquid crystal polymers based on dynamic bonds: From fundamentals to functionalities

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have gained tremendous attention in recent years due to their great potentials from fabrication of responsive actuators and sensors construction intelligent soft robotic light modulators. However, conventional LCPs with permanent cross‐links present tedious unmodifiable stimuli‐responsiveness. Recently, dynamic bonds capable reversibly break reform been integrated into LCP, imparting intrinsic characteristics. The LCP possesses unprecedented diverse functionalities including reprogrammability, recyclability, self‐healing ability, becoming much more adaptive surrounding environmental changes compared the counterpart. In this review, progress bond‐based is summarized. mechanism, preparation, based on noncovalent bond (DNCB) covalent (DCB) are poised be discussed, followed by introducing emergent combining both DNCB DCB. Consequently, unique will given. Finally, outlooks development presented.

Language: Английский

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Embedded Physical Intelligence in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Actuators and Robots

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Responsive materials possess the inherent capacity to autonomously sense and respond various external stimuli, demonstrating physical intelligence. Among diverse array of responsive materials, liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) stand out for their remarkable reversible stimuli‐responsive shape‐morphing properties potential creating soft robots. While numerous reviews have extensively detailed progress in developing LCP‐based actuators robots, there exists a need comprehensive summaries that elucidate underlying principles governing actuation how intelligence is embedded within these systems. This review provides overview recent advancements robots endowed with using LCPs. structured around stimulus conditions categorizes studies involving LCPs based on fundamental control stimulation logic approach. Specifically, three main categories are examined: systems changing those operating under constant equip learning capabilities. Furthermore, persisting challenges be addressed outlined discuss future avenues research this dynamic field.

Language: Английский

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