Towards a novel biosphere in 2300: rapid and extensive global and biome-wide climatic novelty in the Anthropocene

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1902)

Published: April 7, 2024

Recent climate change has effectively rewound the clock by approximately 120 000 years and is expected to reverse this a further 50 Myr 2100. We aimed answer two essential questions better understand changes in ecosystems worldwide owing predicted change. Firstly, we identify locations time frames where novel could emerge Secondly, aim determine extent which biomes, their current distribution, will experience an increase climate-driven ecological novelty. To these questions, analysed three perspectives on how result near term (2100), medium (2200) long (2300). These included identifying areas new climatic combinations, isoclines moving faster than species migration capacity environmental patterns being disaggregated. Using metrics, determined when emerge. Our analysis shows that unless rapid mitigation measures are taken, coverage of be over 50% land surface 2100 under all scenarios. By 2300, above 80% surface. At biome scale, mean shift towards ecosystems, with majority seeing next few decades. research impact complex varied, requiring global action mitigate adapt changes. This article part theme issue ‘Biodiversity dynamics stewardship transforming biosphere’. ‘Ecological novelty planetary stewardship: biodiversity

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity Patterns Redefined in Environmental Space

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Ecological and evolutionary questions addressing diversity‐environment relationships have been evaluated almost entirely in geographic space, yet most hypotheses are formulated terms of environmental conditions. Recent examples evaluating macroecological patterns directly space suggest that such refocusing provides different perspectives on the mechanisms driving broad‐scale diversity. Yet, we lack both conceptual frameworks targeted studies to fully evaluate potential contribution a refocus. Here, focus concept by briefly reviewing its use ecology evolution suggesting avenues for further development. We encourage re‐evaluation dominated ecological theory since foundations with very simple shift lens, is, from geographical space. Focusing also crucial lens climate change research, enabling comprehensive evaluation biodiversity dynamics offering holistic view interplay between species their evolving environments. This enhances our ability predict adapt future changes, enriching understanding beyond more commonly done analyses.

Language: Английский

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Future climate change facilitates the herb drought-tolerant species distribution than woody species

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121039 - 121039

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Late Quaternary fluctuation in upper range limit of trees shapes endemic flora diversity on the Tibetan Plateau

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The influence of paleoclimate in shaping current biodiversity pattern is widely acknowledged. However, it remains unclear how the upper paleo-range limit trees, which dictated habitat endemic alpine species, affects variability species composition across space over Tibetan Plateau. We integrated satellite-derived range dendrochronological data, and fossil pollen records with a dataset climate-driven predictive model to reconstruct spatio-temporal trees at 100-year intervals since Last Glacial Maximum. Our results show that distributed lowest elevations during Maximum (~3426 m), ascended highest Holocene Climatic Optimum (~4187 level ~180 m higher than present-day (~4009 m). temporal fluctuations limits play more important role spatial beta-diversity flora, regions witnessing having lower beta-diversity. therefore suggest anthropogenic-caused climate change on decadal-to-centennial timescales could lead orbitally-forced centennial-to-millennium timescales, consequently cause homogenization composition, threatening pool.

Language: Английский

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Water‐Hydroxide Trapping in Hollandite‐Type Iridium Oxide Enables Efficient Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Abstract The development of highly active iridium oxides with excellent stability in acidic environments and significantly reduced Ir content is crucial for advancing competitive proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) technologies. In this study, an intrinsically acid‐stable low‐iridium (Ir/IrO x (OH) y ·(H 2 O) n ) OER electrocatalyst via alkali‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction method designed. Ir/IrO shows a hollandite‐like structure abundant edge‐sharing IrO 6 octahedra that accommodates structural OH ligands its tunnels. situ/operando spectroscopies demonstrate lattice (or ligands)–mediated oxygen bypasses key rate‐limiting steps the process, including oxygen–oxygen bond formation adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) deprotonation (LOM), which typically hinder efficiency. Moreover, interfacial are shown to accelerate intermediates, thereby enhancing kinetics hydrogen reaction (HER). resulting catalyst achieves lower overpotential 1.79 V exhibits high durability, sustaining 1200 h at 1 A cm −2 under industrial conditions. These findings highlight potential high‐performance, durable PEMWE systems.

Language: Английский

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Tropical Niche Conservatism and Dispersal Limitation Jointly Determine Taxonomic and Phylogenetic β‐Diversities of Odonata in Eastern China

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Tropical niche conservatism (TNC) and dispersal limitation (DL) are major ecological evolutionary mechanisms in shaping taxonomic phylogenetic β‐diversities. While these have been studied plants vertebrates, their roles freshwater taxa remain unclear. We leveraged Odonata species distribution data to map geographical patterns of β‐diversities, determine whether β‐diversity is primarily shaped by TNC or DL temperature seasonality a key driver determining TNC. Location Eastern China. Time Period Present. Major Taxa Studied Odonata. Methods A moving window containing nine grids 50 × km was employed quantify including turnover nestedness components. null model utilised calculate randomly expected based on observed site‐specific regional pools. The generalised dissimilarity used assess the climatic geographic distances identify factors. Results Taxonomic total its component were generally higher than most communities, with being relatively mainly tropical regions. Current factors independently explained slightly more variation distance alone, while greater proportions deviance However, joint effects accounted for an even larger part β‐diversity. predictors seasonality. Main Conclusions factors, particularly seasonality, largely shape β‐diversities communities. Spatial along gradient tends involve phylogenetically related taxa, resulting overall β‐diversity, supporting highlight climate, interacting topographic complexity, eastern

Language: Английский

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Patterns and Drivers of Phylogenetic Beta Diversity in the Forests and Savannas of Africa

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Studying beta diversity, or the variation in species composition among communities, can give insights into plant community assembly over space and time. If different biomes show contrasting large‐scale beta‐diversity patterns, this indicate divergent evolutionary histories ecological processes that then drive turnover communities. Here, we examine phylogenetic patterns across Africa forest savanna assemblages, two most widespread tropical on continent. We hypothesise savannas will lower diversity due to their younger history. Location Tropical Africa. Taxon Woody angiosperms. Methods gathered 301,159 occurrences of woody angiosperms representing 1883 1302 species. compared levels between analysed spatial using 1° grid cells modelled relationship with climate, disturbance geographical distance. Results found greater relative regional whereas assemblages local diversity. The distribution showed strong East–West for both forests savannas, aligned a major floristic discontinuity associated Albertine rift. Our results also highlighted West as showing high amount compositional change biomes, arranged along an aridity gradient. Variance partitioning predictors linked precipitation were main drivers but importance individual was each biome. Main Conclusions Contrary our expectations, may have deeper richer history than suggested by previous studies regions conservation value. Finally, demonstrate environmental filtering is dominant force influencing these important at continental scale.

Language: Английский

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Climate Variability Modulates the Temporal Stability of Carbon Sequestration by Changing Multiple Facets of Biodiversity in Temperate Forests Across Scales

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate variability poses a significant threat to ecosystem function and stability. Previous studies suggest that multiple facets of biodiversity enhance the temporal stability forest functioning through compensatory effects. However, as climate change intensifies, two key questions remain unresolved: (1) mechanisms by which different sustain carbon sequestration across spatial scales (2) how influences at scales. In this study, based on data from 262 natural communities in temperate forests northeastern China, we aggregated metacommunities varying extents. Using ordinary‐least squares regression, examined relationships between (hereafter, “stability”) We then employed mixed‐effects models assess influence biotic Additionally, applied piecewise structural equation modeling disentangle among variability, biodiversity, Our findings indicate (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic diversity) primarily insurance Temperature was negatively correlated with all facets, declines were associated reduced Precipitation contrast, α diversity but positively β facets. Unexpectedly, precipitation exhibited an overall positive correlation These results increasing temperature may pose greater ecosystems future. Thus, preserving will be critical for mitigating adverse effects warming. Furthermore, impact cannot overlooked arid semi‐arid regions. study provides novel insights into conservation under global change.

Language: Английский

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The Key Role of Vicariance for Soil Animal Biogeography in a Biodiversity Hotspot Region

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(5)

Published: April 27, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim The Indo‐Australian Archipelago is known as a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of endemism typically ascribed to vicariance reflected by the ‘Wallace's line’. However, it unknown how has affected belowground biodiversity, especially process‐based beta diversity. Here, we relate diversity soil oribatid mite (Oribatida, Acari) assemblages geographic distance well climatic and factors explore shaping mites across 11 regions Archipelago. Location Time Period Present. Major Taxa Studied Oribatida, Acari. Methods We compiled list 2549 species in investigated level at species, genus family level. then summarised biogeographical dissimilarity patterns using ordination clustering methods compared zoological boundaries based on aboveground taxa such Wallace's, Lydekker's, Weber's Holt's lines. integrated data geography, climate reveal key drivers compositional among Mantel tests. Results Generally, was high; they formed three groups (west New Guinea, Guinea south Guinea) changing from northwest southeast. reflect integrate lines Weber, Lydekker Holt. Species turnover generally correlated distance, reflecting critical role dispersal‐limited mites. Main Conclusions Our results, for first time, demonstrate contrasting below‐ organisms Archipelago, elucidate distance‐based structured animal this region.

Language: Английский

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Unravelling the functional and phylogenetic dimensions of novel ecosystem assemblages

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1902)

Published: April 7, 2024

Human activities are causing taxonomic rearrangements across ecosystems that often result in the emergence of novel communities (assemblies with no historical representative). It is commonly assumed these changes makeup also inevitably lead to other aspects biodiversity, namely functional and phylogenetic diversity. However, this assumption not always valid, as composition resulting from shifts depend on level redundancy evaluated community. Therefore, we need improved theoretical frameworks predict when can expect coordinated or decoupled responses among three facets biodiversity. To advance understanding, discuss conceptual methodological issues complicate establishing a link between driven by human associated changes. Here, show crucial consider expected reshaped owing drivers biodiversity loss forecast impacts assemblages ecosystem functions services they provide humanity. This article part theme issue ‘Ecological novelty planetary stewardship: dynamics transforming biosphere’.

Language: Английский

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