Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 1 - 552

Published: April 3, 2024

Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It an ecologically economically important group formed mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas shrubs, which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following recent re-circumscription 15 genera as presented in Advances Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, using basis phylogenomic analysis 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 all but five currently recognised subfamily, we present new higher-level classification subfamily. The comprises eleven tribes, are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 / 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 5–22), Cassieae Bronn (7 695), Ceratonieae (4 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. 35), Erythrophleeae /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 20), Mimoseae (100 3510), Pterogyneae (1 1), Schizolobieae (8 42–43), Sclerolobieae & Hook. f. (5 113). Although many these lineages have been named past, tribes informal generic groups, their circumscriptions varied widely changed over past decades, such described here differ membership those previously recognised. Importantly, approximately 3500 100 former Mimosoideae now placed reinstated, newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because size ecological importance tribe, also provide clade-based system includes 17 lower-level clades. Fourteen remain unplaced clades: eight resolved two grades six phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition classification, key genera, morphological descriptions notes diversity growth forms, foliage, flowers fruits illustrated each genus distribution map, based quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary specialised terms used legume morphology provided. This provides solid communication framework downstream analyses biogeography, trait evolution diversification, well taxonomic revision still understudied

Language: Английский

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Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Terrestrial ecosystem resilience is crucial for maintaining the structural and functional stability of ecosystems following disturbances. However, changes in over past few decades risk future loss under ongoing climate change are unclear. Here, we identified trends using two remotely sensed vegetation indices, analyzed relative importance potential driving factors to changes, finally assessed based on output data eight models from CMIP6. The results revealed that more than 60% experienced a conversion an increased trend declined resilience. Attribution analysis showed most important varied regionally. were associated with precipitation variability tropics, decreased cover arid region, temperature temperate regions, average cold regions. CMIP6 reveals terrestrial SPP585 expected experience intense declines those SSP126 SSP245, particularly These highlight continued degradation urgency mitigation actions.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 3 - 58

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Subfamily Caesalpinioideae with ca. 4,600 species in 152 genera is the second-largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) and forms an ecologically economically important group trees, shrubs lianas a pantropical distribution. Despite major advances last few decades towards aligning clades across Caesalpinioideae, generic delimitation remains state considerable flux, especially mimosoid clade. We test monophyly via phylogenomic analysis 997 nuclear genes sequenced targeted enrichment (Hybseq) for 420 147 currently recognised subfamily. show that 22 are non-monophyletic or nested other non-monophyly concentrated clade where 25% 90 found to be non-monophyletic. suggest two main reasons this pervasive non-monophyly: (i) extensive morphological homoplasy we document here handful traits and, particularly, repeated evolution distinctive fruit types were historically emphasised delimiting (ii) artefact lack taxonomic syntheses sampling previous phylogenies consequent failure identify span Old World New conversely amphi-Atlantic non-monophyletic, both which critical large Finally, discuss taxon era how assessing patterns gene tree conflict can provide additional insights into delimitation. This new framework provides foundations series papers reclassifying presented

Language: Английский

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The innovation of the symbiosome has enhanced the evolutionary stability of nitrogen fixation in legumes

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 235(6), P. 2365 - 2377

Published: July 28, 2022

Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is globally important in ecosystem functioning and agriculture, yet the evolutionary history of nodulation remains focus considerable debate. Recent evidence suggesting a single origin followed by massive parallel losses raises questions about why few lineages N

Language: Английский

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The evolution of extant South American tropical biomes

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(2), P. 477 - 493

Published: April 27, 2023

Summary This review explores the evolution of extant South American tropical biomes, focusing on when and why they developed. Tropical vegetation experienced a radical transformation from being dominated by non‐angiosperms at onset Cretaceous to full angiosperm dominance nowadays. biomes do not have equivalents; lowland forests, mainly gymnosperms ferns, lacked closed canopy. condition was radically transformed following massive extinction event Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. The rainforests first developed Cenozoic with multistratified forest, an angiosperm‐dominated canopy, main families tropics including legumes. rainforest diversity has increased during global warming decreased cooling. dry forests emerged least late Eocene, whereas other Neotropical savannas, montane páramo/puna, xerophytic forest are much younger, greatly expanding Neogene, probably Quaternary, expense rainforest.

Language: Английский

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Regional uniqueness of tree species composition and response to forest loss and climate change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract The conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems require detailed knowledge the native plant compositions. Here, we map global tree composition assess impacts historical cover loss climate change on trees. occupancy 10,590 species reveals complex taxonomic phylogenetic gradients determining a local signature lineage assembly. Species analyses indicate that has significantly restricted potential suitable range in all biomes. Nevertheless, tropical moist boreal biomes display lowest level restriction harbor extremely large ranged species, albeit with stark contrast richness composition. Climate simulations are projected to differ their response change, highest predicted dry Mediterranean ecoregions. Our findings highlight need for preserving remaining while regenerating degraded forests way provides resilience against change.

Language: Английский

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Rapid radiation of a plant lineage sheds light on the assembly of dry valley biomes

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Abstract Southwest China is characterized by high plateaus, large mountain systems, and deeply incised dry valleys formed major rivers their tributaries. Despite the considerable attention given to alpine plant radiations in this region, timing mode of diversification numerous valley lineages remain unknown. To address knowledge gap, we investigated macroevolution Isodon (Lamiaceae), a lineage commonly distributed southwest wetter areas Asia Africa. We reconstructed robust phylogeny encompassing nearly 90% approximately 140 extant species using transcriptome genome-resequencing data. Our results suggest rapid radiation during Pliocene that coincided with habit shift from herbs shrubs habitat humid valleys. The shrubby growth form likely acted as preadaptation allowing for movement into these Ecological analyses highlight drought-related factors key drivers influencing niche preferences different forms richness Isodon. interplay between topography development East Asian monsoon since middle Miocene contributed formation biome China. This study enhances our understanding evolutionary dynamics ecological shaping distinctive flora reveals strategies employed montane plants response climate change dryland expansion, thus facilitating conservation efforts globally.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism Drives Floristic Assembly Across Mexico's Temperate‐Tropical Divide

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(4)

Published: March 26, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim We addressed the role of climate and historical biogeography on temperate‐tropical divide in Mexico, also known as “Mexican Transition Zone” (MTZ). asked: (1) How phylogenetic structure species composition vary across MTZ, (2) What roles dispersal, situ speciation climatic filtering play assembling regional floras, (3) biogeographic events interact to maintain distinct floristic communities transition zone. Location Mexico. Time Period Present day. Major Taxa Studied Vascular plants. Methods analysed occurrence data from c. 3 million records, combining herbarium specimens citizen science observations, using grade membership (GoM) models cluster all combined these with a phylogeny 20,947 vascular plant taxa investigate how evolutionary history influence turnover. modelled transitions between temperate tropics understand importance different diversity. Results Plant MTZ is determined primarily by minimum temperature seasonality. found strong signals niche conservatism, especially for clades northern, Nearctic origin, which track their they move southward into occupying higher elevation niches. Furthermore, diversity patterns zones have been driven largely through whereas Neotropical shaped disproportionately cladogenesis. Main Conclusions specimen records make it possible identify that correspond seasonality freezing explain biodiversity terms macroevolutionary processes. highlight contrasting speciation, conservatism generating at temperate–tropical transitions. Together, results interplay contemporary ecological processes shaping meeting place tropical realms.

Language: Английский

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Climate‐Mediated Hybridisation and the Future of Andean Forests

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT The tropical Andes face unprecedented warming and shifting precipitation patterns due to climate change land‐use alteration, challenging the future of Andean forests. During Quaternary, many trees responded through upslope migrations but, while there is evidence such ongoing in species, they are at rates far below what needed remain equilibrium with current climate. Similarly, given number generations required for adaptation long lifespans trees, it unlikely that most species will be able adapt fast enough. This synthesis explores role migration‐induced secondary contact hybridisation as potential mechanisms accelerating adaptive response Hybridisation, historically underappreciated increasingly recognised an important driver speciation ecological diversity. It may facilitate gene flow introgression, providing novel genetic combinations enhance resilience change. process can generate new allelic diversity, allowing more rapidly than mutation or selection on standing variation alone. However, also lead negative outcomes like swamping outbreeding depression. Conservation strategies should consider benefits risks maintaining biodiversity under changing environmental conditions. As habitat fragmentation deforestation exacerbate challenges faced by these forests, preserving connectivity crucial migration flow, potentially aiding survival tree Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Target capture and genome skimming for plant diversity studies

Applications in Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4)

Published: July 1, 2023

Recent technological advances in long-read high-throughput sequencing and assembly methods have facilitated the generation of annotated chromosome-scale whole-genome sequence data for evolutionary studies; however, generating such can still be difficult many plant species. For example, obtaining high-molecular-weight DNA is typically impossible samples historical herbarium collections, which often degraded DNA. The need to fast-freeze newly collected living conserve high-quality complicated when plants are only found remote areas. Therefore, short-read reduced-genome representations, as target capture genome skimming, remain important studies. Here, we review pros cons each technique non-model taxa. We provide guidance related logistics, budget, genomic resources previously available clade, nature study. Furthermore, assess bioinformatic analyses, detailing best practices pitfalls, suggest pathways combine generated with legacy data. Finally, explore possible downstream analyses allowed by type using technique. a practical guide help researchers make best-informed choice regarding reduced representation studies cases where remains impractical.

Language: Английский

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