Continuous colonization of the Atlantic coastal rain forests of South America from Amazônia

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The two main extensions of rain forest in South America are the Amazon (Amazônia) and Atlantic (Mata Atlântica), which separated by a wide ‘dry diagonal’ seasonal vegetation. We used species-rich tree genus Inga to test if Amazônia—Mata Atlântica dispersals have been clustered during specific time periods corresponding past, humid climates. performed hybrid capture DNA sequencing 810 nuclear loci for 453 accessions representing 164 species that included 62% Mata estimated dated phylogeny all using maximum likelihood, species-level coalescent methods. There 16–20 dispersal events from Amazônia with only one or reverse direction. These occurred over evolutionary history , no evidence temporal clustering, model comparisons alternative biogeographic histories null simulations showing timing matches random expectation. Time-specific corridors not required explain between trees such as likely dendritic net gallery forests cross dry diagonal.

Language: Английский

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Patrones de riqueza de especies y conservadurismo filogenético del nicho ecológico en la Zona de Transición Mexicana: evidencia y herramientas para su estudio

Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 96, P. e965347 - e965347

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Los patrones de riqueza resultan la superposición geográfica los nichos ecológicos múltiples especies. El conservadurismo filogenético del nicho ecológico y dispersión son procesos esenciales para entender geográficos en Aquí actualizamos teoría ensamble biótico Zona Transición Mexicana (ZTM) incorporando al concepto ecológico. La ZTM recurre cenocrón (i.e., conjunto linajes una misma afinidad biogeográfica que comparten historia tiempo dispersión) explicar gradientes Revisamos fundamentos ecológico, postulados su relación con otras hipótesis propuestas especies, el fin comparar las predicciones se derivan ZTM. Ofrecemos guía posibilidades metodológicas evaluar aplicando método comparativo filogenético. Incluimos breve descripción técnicas software disponibles, cómo ingresar datos necesarios otros requisitos implementación, mostramos ejemplos aplicación

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Diversity responses to precipitation gradients differ between older and younger islands of Hawai‘i

Frontiers of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Studying the interaction between macroevolutionary and ecological factors is critical for understanding principles of diversity regulation predicting effects human activities. Here, we use geological chronology Hawaiian archipelago as a testbed to examine island age climatic (i.e., precipitation) on contemporary patterns tree taxonomic diversity. To this end, estimated species from 375 forest plots spread across steep precipitation gradients different substrate ages younger (Hawai‘i; ~ 0.5 million years old), an intermediate-aged (Maui Nui complex; 2 older (O‘ahu; 3 old). We found clear positive relationship oldest (O‘ahu), but no such two islands (islands in Maui complex Hawai‘i). also high turnover drier wetter environments island, which suggests specialization these habitat types, not islands. However, when included that were highly invaded by alien species, effect varied had larger This could be because may more vulnerable invasions. Our results suggest response climate variation differs substantially Islands, possibly differences islands; however, biological invasions are degrading signature. Local responses gradient stronger likely due longer timescales processes. Species distinct conditions varies archipelago, with exhibiting greater precipitation-driven specialization. Alien alter local precipitation, particularly youngest archipelago. The presence modifying pattern conditions, dry mesic habitats intermediate-age showing higher turnover. Biological currently reshaping plant

Language: Английский

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Climate‐Mediated Hybridisation and the Future of Andean Forests

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT The tropical Andes face unprecedented warming and shifting precipitation patterns due to climate change land‐use alteration, challenging the future of Andean forests. During Quaternary, many trees responded through upslope migrations but, while there is evidence such ongoing in species, they are at rates far below what needed remain equilibrium with current climate. Similarly, given number generations required for adaptation long lifespans trees, it unlikely that most species will be able adapt fast enough. This synthesis explores role migration‐induced secondary contact hybridisation as potential mechanisms accelerating adaptive response Hybridisation, historically underappreciated increasingly recognised an important driver speciation ecological diversity. It may facilitate gene flow introgression, providing novel genetic combinations enhance resilience change. process can generate new allelic diversity, allowing more rapidly than mutation or selection on standing variation alone. However, also lead negative outcomes like swamping outbreeding depression. Conservation strategies should consider benefits risks maintaining biodiversity under changing environmental conditions. As habitat fragmentation deforestation exacerbate challenges faced by these forests, preserving connectivity crucial migration flow, potentially aiding survival tree Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Identifying areas and centers of endemism in the Gran Chaco with Fabaceae as a diversity indicator

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

Abstract The Gran Chaco ecoregion is the second largest forest in South America and exhibits highest deforestation rate world, threatened by expansion of agriculture, lodging cattle grazing. Chacoan endemism richness has still been not adequately investigated. In this work, we detected areas (AEs) centers (CEs) using Fabaceae as a proxy, with novel combination analyses to explore distribution pattern plants: NDM-VNDM detect AEs, endemic indexes clustering CEs. We recovered regions high concentration highly restricted taxa: (1) Sierra Chaco; (2) Sierra/Arid ecotone; (3) interior Dry (4) upper Paraguay River Basin; (5) Low Paraguay–Paraná Basins. also determined which taxa contributed configure AEs CEs, environmental variables explaining their potential distribution, ecological niche overlap preferences habitat between them. Interior Dry/Sierra ecotone included sharing similar overlapped niches. remainder, located Humid Chaco, showed variably niches, suggesting complexity habitats requiring further intensive sampling for conservation measures. Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) grouping patterns contributing improve regionalization based on exclusive species its biota. These are biodiversity hotspots speciation native flora subtropical can serve tools policies, especially Chaco.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic Niche Conservatism Drives Floristic Assembly Across Mexico's Temperate‐Tropical Divide

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(4)

Published: March 26, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim We addressed the role of climate and historical biogeography on temperate‐tropical divide in Mexico, also known as “Mexican Transition Zone” (MTZ). asked: (1) How phylogenetic structure species composition vary across MTZ, (2) What roles dispersal, situ speciation climatic filtering play assembling regional floras, (3) biogeographic events interact to maintain distinct floristic communities transition zone. Location Mexico. Time Period Present day. Major Taxa Studied Vascular plants. Methods analysed occurrence data from c. 3 million records, combining herbarium specimens citizen science observations, using grade membership (GoM) models cluster all combined these with a phylogeny 20,947 vascular plant taxa investigate how evolutionary history influence turnover. modelled transitions between temperate tropics understand importance different diversity. Results Plant MTZ is determined primarily by minimum temperature seasonality. found strong signals niche conservatism, especially for clades northern, Nearctic origin, which track their they move southward into occupying higher elevation niches. Furthermore, diversity patterns zones have been driven largely through whereas Neotropical shaped disproportionately cladogenesis. Main Conclusions specimen records make it possible identify that correspond seasonality freezing explain biodiversity terms macroevolutionary processes. highlight contrasting speciation, conservatism generating at temperate–tropical transitions. Together, results interplay contemporary ecological processes shaping meeting place tropical realms.

Language: Английский

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Patterns and Drivers of Phylogenetic Beta Diversity in the Forests and Savannas of Africa

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Studying beta diversity, or the variation in species composition among communities, can give insights into plant community assembly over space and time. If different biomes show contrasting large‐scale beta‐diversity patterns, this indicate divergent evolutionary histories ecological processes that then drive turnover communities. Here, we examine phylogenetic patterns across Africa forest savanna assemblages, two most widespread tropical on continent. We hypothesise savannas will lower diversity due to their younger history. Location Tropical Africa. Taxon Woody angiosperms. Methods gathered 301,159 occurrences of woody angiosperms representing 1883 1302 species. compared levels between analysed spatial using 1° grid cells modelled relationship with climate, disturbance geographical distance. Results found greater relative regional whereas assemblages local diversity. The distribution showed strong East–West for both forests savannas, aligned a major floristic discontinuity associated Albertine rift. Our results also highlighted West as showing high amount compositional change biomes, arranged along an aridity gradient. Variance partitioning predictors linked precipitation were main drivers but importance individual was each biome. Main Conclusions Contrary our expectations, may have deeper richer history than suggested by previous studies regions conservation value. Finally, demonstrate environmental filtering is dominant force influencing these important at continental scale.

Language: Английский

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Seed‐dispersing vertebrates and the abiotic environment shape functional diversity of the pantropical Annonaceae

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Summary Mutualistic interactions between fruiting plants and frugivorous animals are shaped by interaction‐relevant functional traits. However, it is unclear whether ‘trait matching’ underlies broad‐scale relationships in plant frugivore species their diversity. We integrated novel trait data global occurrences for c. 1900 a major tropical family (Annonaceae) with 7607 bird mammal species, including 1418 frugivores, alongside on the abiotic environment. applied structural equation models to evaluate direct indirect drivers of continental variation frugivory‐related diversity Annonaceae, assessed frugivory‐exclusive through comparisons non‐frugivores. show that Annonaceae influenced richness (SRic) matching co‐occurring mammals. Frugivorous birds mammals indirectly at scales affecting SRic. found climate, elevation, seed dispersers jointly globally. Our results suggest dispersal particularly important shaping diversity, possibly mutualistic co‐evolutionary dynamics. distinct effects frugivores across biogeographical realms biogeography modulates how promote

Language: Английский

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Morphological innovation and lineage-specific history drive disparification in the aggregated pollen of mimosoid plants

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

Background and Aims The study of morphological diversity (i.e., disparity) offers unique opportunities to understand evolutionary patterns processes. Plant disparity studies reveal that disparification can be related factors such as secondary woodiness or pollination niche, for example. Similarly, some pollen traits are known shaped by environmental pressures, but this influence has only been evaluated in monads, never multi-grained dispersal units. In study, we investigated the aggregated units two lineages Neotropical mimosoid legumes. Mimosa Stryphnodendron clades independent share similarities morphology biome shifts. context, asked: What these lineages, similar between occurring same biomes? Methods To answer questions, compiled data from literature on biomes occurrence a phylogenetically representative set taxa clades. With data, calculated morphospaces metrics, tested whether distinct differs significantly. Key Results Our results show exhibit disparity, do biomes. Additionally, observed certain support greater lesser levels disparity. Conclusions We conclude (1) clade possibly due evolution novel morphologies genus , (2) there is maintenance clade, Adenopodia Piptadenia (3) grains groups appears primarily phylogeny developmental constraints, with pressures playing comparatively smaller role.

Language: Английский

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Global patterns of phylogenetic beta‐diversity components in angiosperms

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(4)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract Questions Geographic gradients of beta‐diversity help understanding the relationship between species and their environment. However, on a global scale, such patterns are only known for few taxa, mainly terrestrial vertebrates, especially when considering phylogenetic dimension. Here, we present first analysis (PBD) angiosperms. We aim to disentangle relative contribution PBD components (turnover‐ nestedness‐resultant differences) deviation given taxonomic (TBD) along environmental geographic gradients. Location Global. Methods compiled range maps 207,146 angiosperm at 1° cells calculated assemblages formed by each focal cell its neighboring in radii 1.5° 2° (“moving‐window” approach). was decomposed into turnover‐ components, evaluating importance as proportion total (PBD ratio ). To evaluate lineage exchanges, from TBD dev assessed breakpoints (latitude elevation) (temperature precipitation) using linear piecewise regressions. Results The turnover‐resultant component predominant shaping pattern. positively correlated with temperature, having breakpoint around 14°. Because mostly positive, prevailed over PBD; PBDdev significantly latitude temperature gradients, being higher (i.e., low replacement compared replacement) latitudes above 50° N, colder climates (below 2°C). Conclusions provided assessment current Our results showed that largely dictated more important than loss virtually all areas, except islands peninsulas.

Language: Английский

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