Crosstalk between colorectal CSCs and immune cells in tumorigenesis, and strategies for targeting colorectal CSCs

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer, and relapse after tumor attracted increasing attention. stem cells (CSCs), small subset with self-renewal differentiation capacities, are resistant to traditional therapies such radiotherapy chemotherapy. Recently, CSCs have been proven be driving immunotherapy. However, mutual interactions between cancer niche immune largely uncharacterized. In this review, we focus on CSCs, CSC-immune cell CSC-based Colorectal characterized by robust expression surface markers CD44, CD133 Lgr5; hyperactivation stemness-related signaling pathways, Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap1, Jak/Stat Notch pathways; disordered epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNA action. Moreover, express abnormal levels immune-related genes MHC checkpoint molecules mutually interact multiple tumorigenesis-related processes, initiation, maintenance, metastasis drug resistance. To date, many targeting evaluated, monoclonal antibodies, antibody‒drug conjugates, bispecific vaccines adoptive therapy, molecule inhibitors. With development CSC-/niche-targeting technology, well integration multidisciplinary studies, novel that eliminate reverse their immunosuppressive microenvironment expected developed for solid tumors, cancer.

Language: Английский

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Application status and optimization suggestions of tumor organoids and CAR-T cell co-culture models

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 5, 2024

Tumor organoids, especially patient-derived organoids (PDOs) exhibit marked similarities in histopathological morphology, genomic alterations, and specific marker expression profiles to those of primary tumour tissues. They are applied various fields including drug screening, gene editing, identification oncogenes. However, CAR-T therapy the treatment solid tumours is still at an exploratory stage. Tumour offer unique advantages over other preclinical models commonly used for research, which preservation biological characteristics tissue critical study early-stage therapies. Although some investigators have this co-culture model validate newly targeted cells, optimise existing cells explore combination strategies, there untapped potential today. This review introduces current status application organoid cell recent years commented on limitations co-cultivation model. Meanwhile, we compared with two pre-clinical research. Eventually, combined new progress technologies, optimization suggestions were proposed from five perspectives: preserving or reconstructing tumor microenvironment, systematization, vascularization, standardized culture procedures, expanding resource library, aimed assisting related researchers better utilize models.

Language: Английский

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Current Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Immune Arsenal to Overcome Immune Evasion

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 307 - 307

Published: April 28, 2024

Cancer immune evasion represents a leading hallmark of cancer, posing significant obstacle to the development successful anticancer therapies. However, landscape cancer treatment has significantly evolved, transitioning into era immunotherapy from conventional methods such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Immunotherapy emerged pivotal component in treatment, harnessing body’s system combat offering improved prognostic outcomes for numerous patients. The remarkable success spurred efforts enhance clinical efficacy existing agents strategies. Several immunotherapeutic approaches have received approval treatments, while others are currently preclinical trials. This review explores recent progress unraveling mechanisms evaluates effectiveness diverse strategies, including vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, antibody-based treatments. It encompasses both established treatments those under investigation, providing comprehensive overview through immunological approaches. Additionally, article emphasizes current developments, limitations, challenges immunotherapy. Furthermore, by integrating analyses resistance exploring combination strategies personalized approaches, it offers valuable insights crucial novel

Language: Английский

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Frontiers and future of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 2, 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, that becoming increasingly common in recent years. Despite advances intensive treatment modalities including surgery, radiotherapy, biological therapy, and targeted the overall survival rate has not significantly improved patients with pancreatic cancer. This may be attributed to insidious onset, unknown pathophysiology, poor prognosis of disease. It therefore essential identify develop more effective safer treatments for Tumor immunotherapy new fourth pillar anti-tumor therapy after chemotherapy. Significant progress made use wide variety tumors years; breakthrough also been review describes immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, adoptive cell oncolytic virus, matrix-depletion therapies At same time, some potential biomarkers combinations are discussed. The molecular mechanisms various immunotherapies have elucidated, their clinical applications highlighted. current challenges associated proposed strategies hold promise overcoming these limitations discussed, aim offering insights into

Language: Английский

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In Situ Reprogramming of Immune Cells Using Synthetic Nanomaterials

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(15)

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

In the past decade, adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, complexity and high costs involved in manufacturing current greatly inhibit its widespread availability access. To address this, situ therapy, which directly reprograms immune inside body, recently been developed as a promising alternative. Here, an overview of recent progress development synthetic nanomaterials is provided to deliver plasmid DNA or mRNA for reprogramming T macrophages, focusing especially on CAR therapies. Also, main challenges are discussed some approaches overcome these barriers fulfill clinical applications proposed.

Language: Английский

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