Disproportionate declines of formerly abundant species underlie insect loss

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 628(8007), P. 359 - 364

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Abstract Studies have reported widespread declines in terrestrial insect abundances recent years 1–4 , but trends other biodiversity metrics are less clear-cut 5–7 . Here we examined long-term 923 assemblages monitored 106 studies, and found concomitant abundance species richness. For studies that were resolved to level (551 sites 57 studies), observed a decline the number of initially abundant through time, not very rare species. At population level, most at start time series showed strongest average (corrected for regression-to-the-mean effects). Rarer were, on average, also declining, these offset by increases Our results suggest decreases total 2 can mostly be explained formerly This counters common narrative loss is characterized 8,9 Although our fundamental changes occurring assemblages, it important recognize they represent only from those locations which sufficient data available. Nevertheless, given importance ecosystems 10 their general likely broad repercussions food webs ecosystem functioning.

Language: Английский

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Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1904)

Published: May 5, 2024

Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth, yet our knowledge their diversity, ecology and population trends remains abysmally poor. Four major technological approaches coming to fruition for use in insect monitoring ecological research—molecular methods, computer vision, autonomous acoustic radar-based remote sensing—each which has seen advances over past years. Together, they have potential revolutionize ecology, make all-taxa, fine-grained feasible across globe. So far, within among technologies largely taken place isolation, parallel efforts projects led redundancy a methodological sprawl; yet, given commonalities goals approaches, increased collaboration integration could provide unprecedented improvements taxonomic spatio-temporal resolution coverage. This theme issue showcases recent developments state-of-the-art applications these technologies, outlines way forward regarding data processing, cost-effectiveness, meaningful trend analysis, open requirements. papers set stage future automated monitoring. article is part ‘Towards toolkit global biodiversity monitoring’.

Language: Английский

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Bending the curve of global freshwater biodiversity loss: what are the prospects?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

ABSTRACT Freshwater biodiversity conservation has received substantial attention in the scientific literature and is finally being recognized policy frameworks such as Global Biodiversity Framework its associated targets for 2030. This important progress. Nonetheless, freshwater species continue to be confronted with high levels of imperilment widespread ecosystem degradation. An Emergency Recovery Plan (ERP) proposed 2020 comprises six measures intended “bend curve” loss, if they are widely adopted adequately supported. We review evidence suggesting that combined intensity persistent emerging threats become so serious current projected efforts preserve, protect restore inland‐water ecosystems may insufficient avert losses coming decades. In particular, climate change, complex harmful impacts, will frustrate attempts prevent from already affected by multiple threats. Interactions among these limit recovery populations exacerbate declines resulting local or even global extinctions, especially low‐viability degraded fragmented ecosystems. addition impediments represented we identify several other areas where absolute scarcity fresh water, inadequate information predictive capacity, a failure mitigate anthropogenic stressors, liable set limits on biodiversity. Implementation ERP rapidly at scale through many dispersed actions focused regions intense threat, together an intensification ex‐situ efforts, necessary preserve native during increasingly uncertain climatic future which poorly understood, emergent interacting have more influential. But implementation must accompanied improve energy food security humans – without further compromising condition Unfortunately, political policies arrest environmental challenges change do not inspire confidence about possible success ERP. parts world, Anthropocene seems certain include extended periods uncontaminated surface runoff inevitably appropriated humans. Unless there step‐change societal awareness commitment biodiversity, established methods protecting bend curve enough continued degradation loss.

Language: Английский

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Significant improvement in freshwater invertebrate biodiversity in all types of English rivers over the past 30 years

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 905, P. 167144 - 167144

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

There remains a persistent concern that freshwater biodiversity is in decline and being threatened by pollution. As the UK, particularly England, densely populated nation with rivers of modest dilution capacity, this location very suitable to examine how has responded human pressures over past 30 years. A long-term dataset 223,325 macroinvertebrate records from 1989 2018 for England was retrieved examined. sub-set approximately 200 sites per English Region (1515 total 62,514 samples), longest most consistent were matched predicted wastewater exposure, upstream land cover terrain characteristics (latitude, altitude, slope gradient flow discharge). To understand changes diversity sensitivity respect these parameters, biotic indices (i) overall family richness, (ii) Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera (EPT) (iii) Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) scores NTAXA (number scoring taxa) (iv) ASPT (average score taxon) selected. review close BMWP come those expected at minimally impacted reference included. For all latitudes, altitudes, channel slope, river size, exposure levels, differing proportions woodland, seminatural, arable urban cover, or examined improved period, although improvement slowed some cases post 2003. Mean richness increased 15 25 groups, 66 % improvement. The mean EPT (3 10 families, >300 improvement), which are considered be sensitive pollution, implies benefited national critical components water quality.

Language: Английский

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Inland navigation and land use interact to impact European freshwater biodiversity

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 1098 - 1108

Published: May 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Patterns in and predictors of stream and river macroinvertebrate genera and fish species richness across the conterminous USA

Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 424, P. 19 - 19

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Both native and non-native taxa richness patterns are useful for evaluating areas of greatest conservation concern. To determine those patterns, we analyzed fish macroinvertebrate data obtained at 3475 sites collected by the USEPA's National Rivers Streams Assessment. We also determined which natural anthropogenic variables best explained in regional richness. Macroinvertebrate increased with number sampled per region. Therefore, residual from deviation observed predicted given Regional markedly exceeded average site both macroinvertebrates fish. Predictors macroinvertebrate-genus fish-species residual-regional differed. Air temperature was an important predictor cases but positive negative macroinvertebrates. land use were significant predictors This study is first to mean aquatic across conterminous USA, key drivers Thus, it offers insights into USA biodiversity hotspots.

Language: Английский

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Stream macroinvertebrate communities in restored and impacted catchments respond differently to climate, land-use, and runoff over a decade

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 929, P. 172659 - 172659

Published: April 22, 2024

Identifying which environmental drivers underlie degradation and improvements of ecological communities is a fundamental goal ecology. Achieving this challenge due to diverse trends in both conditions across regions, it constrained by the lack long-term parallel monitoring community data needed study causal relationships. Here, we identify key using high-resolution - dataset, an ensemble Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) model, models investigate effects climate, land-use, runoff on decadal trend (2012-2021) stream macroinvertebrate restored urban catchment impacted with mixed land-uses Germany. The showed decreased precipitation, increased temperature, reduced anthropogenic land-uses, led opposing catchment. two catchments also varied taxonomic trait composition metrics. most significant over time were recorded sites, have become wastewater free since 2007 2009. Within metric primarily explained land-use evaporation trends, while mostly associated precipitation trends. Meanwhile, did not undergo changes between 2012 2021, likely influenced prolonged droughts following floods after 2018. results our confirm significance restoration management fostering communities, climate change remains prodigious threat. coupling biodiversity concurrent sampling relevant critical for preventative restorative

Language: Английский

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Zinc and Copper Have the Greatest Relative Importance for River Macroinvertebrate Richness at a National Scale

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

It is important to discover what change led the improvement in European macroinvertebrate biodiversity period from 1990−2000s and prevents further desirable gains taking place today. A 30-year data set 1,457 monitoring sites spread across England, with 65,032 discrete observations was combined 41 chemical, physical, habitat, geographic variables. This analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effect models additive mixed models. To include all combinations of variables required address each question, over 20,000 model runs. found that no were more consistently strongly associated overall family richness than Zn Cu. Cu both for era large up 2005 also later 2006–2018 when few made.

Language: Английский

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Relationships Between Land Use and Stream Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity in Central Ohio, USA

Water, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 895 - 895

Published: March 20, 2025

Land use is known to be an important factor in the composition and function of adjacent freshwater lotic ecosystems. However, relative effects land type, extent, intensity, proximity on aquatic ecosystem quality are not fully understood. We evaluate these questions low-order streams within 30 watersheds developed, agricultural, less developed landscapes central Ohio, USA. assess relationships cover percentage spatial scale with stream macroinvertebrate community diversity biotic integrity. also investigate importance impervious subsurface tile drainage each watershed Active River Area (ARA). find that coverage at strongest predictor High-intensity development a stronger negative correlate than low-intensity or agriculture. There significant decline integrity ARA scales when undeveloped falls below 20–30%. do relationship between metrics 1 km2 comparison any instream habitat attributes except sinuosity. Impervious has both taxon richness scales. tile-drained does have scale. conclude critical for small this region. Collectively, our conclusions provide evidence support practices ecologically sensitive planning.

Language: Английский

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Contributions of source populations, habitat suitability and trait overlap to benthic invertebrate community assembly in restored urban streams

Ecological Processes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 25, 2025

Abstract Background Understanding the temporal development of community assembly processes is essential for assessing recovery degraded ecosystems after restoration. Community in restored streams often slow or absent, due to inadequate restoration, catchment-scale pressures, and/or colonisation barriers. Recovery involve three key filters: dispersal, environmental conditions and biotic interactions. Dispersal critical initial colonisation, while influence successful population establishment. Lastly, as available niches fill, interactions, such competition, gain importance. Despite presence many theories on how these filters interact during assembly, they have rarely been investigated simultaneously. Our detailed species- site-specific approach allowed us analyse a hierarchical analysis. We assessed effect filters, by examining benthic invertebrate communities at 20 sites Boye catchment (Western Germany). The most its tributaries were used open sewers century, i.e. concrete channels transporting untreated sewage before gradual restoration was started 1990s. bank reinforcements beds removed, riparian vegetation left natural succession. Accordingly, grouped 'unimpacted', 'recently restored' (< 4 years), 'mature (> 10 years). An additional 28 provided information distances source populations, species’ habitat suitability filtering. Biotic (interaction) filtering evaluated through trait overlap Results Communities recently differed from mature unimpacted sites, resembled ones. Taxa had nearer those better matched present habitats. Trait did not differ between absent taxa. Conclusions results indicate that dispersal early stages, with mass effects upstream sources supporting taxa found despite low suitability. Over time, became more influential, shaping communities. Competition appeared relatively unimportant, yet competitive exclusion may explain small proportions sites. Hence, effectively support stream recovery, it consider different operate various stages process. For example, could further develop if availability increases, connectivity populations would only play minor role.

Language: Английский

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