Bivalent mRNA booster vaccination recalls cellular and antibody immunity against antigenically divergent SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 18, 2025

Abstract The ongoing rollout of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines lags behind rapid viral evolution. Updated vaccine immunogens elicit neutralising antibodies against the component strain. However, protection future variants is unclear. Here, we sought to understand factors underpinning serological breadth following bivalent BA.1 vaccination. Booster vaccination 33 individuals elicited robust and durable antibody responses antigens elevated frequencies spike-specific CD4 CD8 T cells. Immunisation predominantly drove recall cross-reactive memory B cells which also recognised XBB.1.5 spike, with significantly enhanced neutralisation titres XBB virus seen within 91% participants. Multivariate regression indicated that both baseline cell were strong predictors ancestral, post-immunisation. These data highlight updated maintains recognition antigenically evolved suggests help prior underpin vaccine-induced activity.

Language: Английский

---

Potent neutralising monoclonal antibodies targeting the spike of NL63 coronavirus

npj Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

---

T cell hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children: a longitudinal study

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105, P. 105203 - 105203

Published: June 18, 2024

Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2, resulting from both vaccination and natural infection, remains insufficiently understood in paediatric populations, despite increasing rates of breakthrough infections among vaccinated children.

Language: Английский

---

Dynamic immune landscape in vaccinated-BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfections revealed a 5-month protection-duration against XBB infection and a shift in immune imprinting

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 104903 - 104903

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

The impact of previous vaccination on protective immunity, duration, and immune imprinting in the context BA.5-XBB.1.9.1 reinfection remains unknown.

Language: Английский

---

The Effect of Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection on Humoral and Cellular Immunity in a Cohort of Patients with Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Pilot Study

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 506 - 506

Published: June 14, 2024

Immunization against COVID-19 is needed in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). However, data on long-term immunity kinetics remain scarce. This study aimed to compare the humoral and cellular response (IMIDs) compared healthy controls. We SARS-Cov-2 elicited by vaccination and/or infection a prospective cohort of 20 IMID group 21 healthcare workers (HCWs). assessed before after third fourth dose BNT162b2 or using quantitative IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody (anti-S-IgG), neutralization assay, specific interferon-gamma (IFN-g) release assay (IGRA). The responses were those two groups similar age total exposure, becoming infected for first time, mainly dose. Neutralizing antibodies IGRA negative 9.5% but not any HCWs. No significant difference was found between titers BA.1 HCW groups. highlights SARS-CoV-2 immunological controls patients, suggesting that combined stimuli could promote more profound response.

Language: Английский

---

Expanded immune imprinting and neutralization spectrum by hybrid immunization following breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants after three-dose vaccination

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(6), P. 106362 - 106362

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Differential cross-reactivity to the influenza B virus haemagglutinin underpins lineage-specific susceptibility between birth cohorts

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Abstract Influenza exposures early in life are believed to shape future susceptibility influenza infections by imprinting immunological biases that engender differential cross-reactivity viruses, but direct serological evidence linked is limited. We analysed hemagglutination-inhibition titres 1451 cross-sectional samples collected between 1992-2020, from individuals born 1917-2008, against B virus (IBV) isolates 1940-2021, including ‘future’ circulated after sample collection. demonstrate conferred IBV infection and result lineage-specific of a birth cohort towards isolates. This translates into estimates cohorts the two antigenic lineages, explaining age distributions observed medically attended infections. Our data bridge critical gap exposure, cross-reactivity, epidemiology identify plausible model further dissect interplay host immunity, viral evolution epidemiology.

Language: Английский

---

Dynamic Profiling and Prediction of Antibody Response to Booster Inactivated Vaccines by Microsample-driven Biosensor and Machine Learning

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Knowledge on the antibody response to inactivated vaccines in third dose is crucial because it one of primary global vaccination programs. This study integrated microsampling with optical biosensors profile neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) fifteen vaccinated healthy donors, followed by application machine learning predict at given timepoints. Over a nine-month duration, and venipuncture were conducted seven individual A refined iteration fiber optic-biolayer interferometry (FO-BLI) biosensor was designed, enabling rapid multiplexed biosensing NAbs towards both wild-type Omicron variants minutes. Findings revealed strong correlation (Pearson r 0.919, specificity 100%) between levels microsamples sera. Following dose, Sera for wide-type increased 2.9-fold after days 3.3-fold within month, subsequently waning becoming undetectable three months. Considerable but incomplete escape latest omicron subvariants from booster vaccine elicited confirmed, although higher number binding (BAbs) identified another FO-BLI Significantly, highly correlated pseudovirus neutralization assay identifying capacities 0.983). Additionally, demonstrated exceptional accuracy predicting an error <5% BAbs across multiple Microsample-driven enables individuals access their results hours self-collection, while precise models could guide personalized strategies. The technology's innate adaptability positions its potential effective translation diseases prevention development.

Language: Английский

---

Immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough cases in vaccinated children and adolescents

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 15, 2024

Background Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been somewhat limited due to the widespread dissemination of Omicron variant, its subvariants, and immune response dynamics naturally infected with virus. Methods Twelve subjects between 3-17 years old (yo), vaccinated two doses CoronaVac ® , were followed diagnosed as breakthrough cases starting 14 days after receiving second dose. Total IgGs different proteins neutralizing capacity these antibodies measured in plasma. The activation CD4 + CD8 T cells was evaluated peripheral blood mononuclear stimulated peptides derived from wild-type (WT) virus subvariants by flow cytometry, well cytokines secretion a Multiplex assay. Results 2 8 weeks post-infection, compared 4 nd dose vaccine, there 146.5-fold increase antibody titers 38.7-fold WT SARS-CoV-2. Subjects showed an total IgG levels S1, N, M, NSP8 Activated significant BA.2 subvariant (p&lt;0.001). Finally, IL-2 IFN-γ discreet decrease trend some subjects. Conclusion pediatric population inactivated vaccine produced increased specific for proteins. cell also increased, suggesting conserved cellular whereas Th1-type cytokine tended decrease. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04992260

Language: Английский

---

Blood Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Vaccine in Humans

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 27, 2024

ABSTRACT Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines are an exciting but new technology used in humans. There is limited understanding of factors that influence their biodistribution and immunogenicity. Antibodies to polyethylene glycol (PEG), which on the surface lipid nanoparticle, detectable humans boosted by human vaccination. We hypothesized PEG-specific antibodies could increase clearance vaccines. developed methods quantify both ionizable frequent serial blood samples from 19 subjects receiving Moderna SPIKEVAX booster immunization. Both peaked 1-2 days post vaccination (median peak level 0.19 3.22 ng mL -1 , respectively). The was out 14-28 post-vaccination most subjects. measured proportion relatively intact over time found decay kinetics were identical, suggesting recirculates blood. However, rates did not correlate with baseline levels nor spike-specific antibodies. magnitude detected boost PEG Further, ability subject’s monocytes phagocytose nanoparticles had inverse relationship rise This suggests circulation into be cleared phagocytes immunogenicity Overall, this work defines pharmacokinetics vaccine components after intramuscular injection this. These insights should prove useful improving future safety efficacy therapeutics.

Language: Английский

---