bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 13, 2024
Summary
The
rich
diversity
of
synapses
facilitates
the
capacity
neural
circuits
to
transmit,
process
and
store
information.
Here,
we
used
multiplex
super-resolution
proteometric
imaging
through
array
tomography
define
features
single
in
adult
mouse
neocortex.
We
find
that
glutamatergic
cluster
into
subclasses
parallel
distinct
biochemical
functional
categories
receptor
subunits:
GluA1/4,
GluA2/3
GluN1/GluN2B.
Two
these
align
with
physiological
expectations
based
on
synaptic
plasticity:
large
AMPAR-rich
may
represent
potentiated
synapses,
whereas
small
NMDAR-rich
suggest
“silent”
synapses.
NMDA
content
correlates
spine
neck
diameter,
thus
potential
for
coupling
parent
dendrite.
Conjugate
tomography’s
rigorous
registration
immunofluorescence
electron
microscopy
provides
validation
future
studies
other
systems.
No
barriers
prevent
generalization
this
approach
species,
laying
a
foundation
human
disorders
therapeutics.
Highlights
enables
validates
single-synapse
proteometry
Glutamate
identifies
places
synapse
ultrastructural
context
Subclasses
established
molecular
plasticity
Graphical
Abstract
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 29, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
modulatory
neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
and
activation
of
β-adrenergic
receptors
(β-ARs)
has
a
crucial
role
in
hippocampus-dependent
forms
learning.
Although
β-AR
also
facilitates
the
induction
Hebbian
LTP
at
excitatory
synapses
hippocampus,
recent
findings
indicate
that
non-Hebbian
form
synaptic
plasticity,
known
as
behavioral
timescale
plasticity
(BTSP),
underlies
spatial
Because
little
is
about
noradrenergic
signaling
BTSP,
I
examined
effects
on
BTSP-like,
complex
spike
(CS)
burst-dependent
induced
by
theta-pulse
stimulation
(TPS)
protocols
CA1
region
mouse
hippocampal
slices.
find
not
only
enhances
homosynaptic
potentiation
transmission
TPS
but
regulates
how
interact
during
CS
LTP.
ability
to
cooperative
fashion
undergo
LTP,
which
mediated
heterosynaptic
facilitation
EPSP-evoked
bursting
brief
trains
TPS,
was
enhanced
activation.
Moreover,
unlike
conventional
where
requires
near
synchronous
coactivation
synapses,
enabled
interactions
between
activated
up
ten
seconds
apart.
potent
competition
emerges
longer
TPS.
This
effect
depression
produces
an
unusual,
bidirectional
modulation
β-AR-mediated
suppression
other
synapses.
Together,
these
fundamental
properties
postsynaptic
rules
modulating
multiple
plasticity.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
47(1), P. 187 - 209
Published: April 25, 2024
The
hippocampus
is
critical
for
memory
and
spatial
navigation.
ability
to
map
novel
environments,
as
well
more
abstract
conceptual
relationships,
fundamental
the
cognitive
flexibility
that
humans
other
animals
require
survive
in
a
dynamic
world.
In
this
review,
we
survey
recent
advances
our
understanding
of
how
implemented
anatomically
functionally
by
hippocampal
circuitry,
during
both
active
exploration
(online)
rest
(offline).
We
discuss
advantages
limitations
spike
timing–dependent
plasticity
recently
discovered
behavioral
timescale
synaptic
supporting
distinct
learning
modes
hippocampus.
Finally,
suggest
complementary
roles
these
types
explaining
many-shot
single-shot
rules
could
work
together
support
maps.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 28, 2024
SUMMARY
Hippocampal
pyramidal
neurons
support
episodic
memory
by
integrating
complementary
information
streams
into
new
‘place
fields’.
Distal
tuft
dendrites
are
widely
thought
to
initiate
place
field
formation
locally
generating
prolonged,
globally-spreading
Ca
2+
spikes
known
as
plateau
potentials.
However,
the
hitherto
experimental
inaccessibility
of
distal
in
hippocampus
has
rendered
their
vivo
function
entirely
unknown.
Here
we
gained
direct
optical
access
this
elusive
dendritic
compartment.
We
report
that
do
not
serve
point
origin
for
field-forming
Instead,
timing
and
extent
peri-formation
recruitment
is
variable
closely
predicts
multiple
properties
resultant
fields.
Therefore,
play
a
more
powerful
role
hippocampal
feature
selectivity
than
simply
initiating
formation.
Moreover,
accompanied
global
influx
previously
thought.
In
addition
shaping
somatic
fields,
possess
own
local
Tuft
fields
back-shifted
relative
soma
appear
maintain
via
post-formation
Through
observation,
provide
revised
basis
during
navigational
learning.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
175, P. 116688 - 116688
Published: April 30, 2024
Metabolic
syndrome
(MetS)
is
characterized
by
insulin
resistance,
hyperglycemia,
excessive
fat
accumulation
and
dyslipidemia,
known
to
be
accompanied
neuropathological
symptoms
such
as
memory
loss,
anxiety,
depression.
As
the
number
of
MetS
patients
rapidly
increasing
globally,
studies
on
mechanisms
metabolic
imbalance-related
neuropathology
are
emerging
an
important
issue.
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent
kinase
II
(CaMKII)
main
Ca2+
sensor
contributes
diverse
intracellular
signaling
in
peripheral
organs
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
CaMKII
exerts
functions
cells,
related
RNA
splicing,
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
generation,
cytoskeleton,
protein-protein
interactions.
In
CNS,
regulates
vascular
function,
neuronal
circuits,
neurotransmission,
synaptic
plasticity,
amyloid
beta
toxicity,
lipid
metabolism,
mitochondrial
function.
Here,
we
review
recent
evidence
for
role
neuropathologic
issues
associated
with
disorders.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 21, 2023
Summary
Rapid
delivery
of
glutamate
receptors
to
the
postsynaptic
membrane
via
vesicle
fusion
is
a
central
component
synaptic
plasticity.
However,
it
unknown
how
this
process
supports
specific
neural
computations
during
behavior.
To
bridge
gap,
we
combined
conditional
genetic
deletion
machinery,
Syntaxin3
(Stx3),
in
hippocampal
CA1
neurons
mice
with
population
vivo
calcium
imaging.
This
approach
revealed
that
Stx3
necessary
for
forming
dynamics
support
novelty
processing,
spatial
reward
memory
and
offline
consolidation.
In
contrast,
was
dispensable
maintaining
aspects
code
exist
presynaptic
such
as
representations
context
space.
Thus,
manipulating
identified
specifically
require
restructuring
trafficking
distinguished
them
from
representation
could
be
inherited
upstream
brain
regions
or
learned
through
other
mechanisms.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 24, 2023
A
typical
neuron
signals
to
downstream
cells
when
it
is
depolarized
and
firing
sodium
spikes.
Some
neurons,
however,
also
fire
calcium
spikes
hyperpolarized.
The
function
of
such
bidirectional
signaling
remains
unclear
in
most
circuits.
Here
we
show
how
a
class
that
participates
vector
computation
the
fly
central
complex
employs
hyperpolarization-elicited
invert
two-dimensional
mathematical
vectors.
When
switch
from
spikes,
this
leads
~180°
realignment
between
encoded
neuronal
population
fly's
internal
heading
signal,
thus
inverting
vector.
We
rely
on
T-type
channel
Ca-α1T,
argue,
via
analytical
experimental
approaches,
these
enable
computations
portions
angular
space
would
otherwise
be
inaccessible.
These
results
reveal
seamless
interaction
molecular,
cellular
circuit
properties
for
implementing
math
brain.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
ABSTRACT
Behavioral
timescale
synaptic
plasticity
(BTSP)
is
a
form
of
potentiation
where
the
occurrence
single
large
plateau
potential
in
CA1
hippocampal
neurons
leads
to
formation
reliable
place
fields
during
spatial
learning
tasks.
We
asked
whether
BTSP
could
also
be
mechanism
for
generation
non-spatial
responses
hippocampus
and
what
roles
medial
lateral
entorhinal
cortex
(MEC
LEC)
play
driving
BTSP.
By
performing
simultaneous
calcium
imaging
dorsal
chemogenetic
inhibition
LEC
or
MEC
while
mice
performed
an
olfactory
working
memory
task,
we
discovered
BTSP-like
events
which
formed
stable
odor-specific
fields.
Critically,
success
rate
generating
significant
odor-field
increased
with
event
amplitude,
exhibited
asymmetrical
newly
odor-fields
preceding
timepoint
their
induction
event.
found
that
distinct
modulating
BTSP:
reduced
frequency
events,
generation.
Using
two-photon
temporammonic
axons
projecting
CA1,
projections
were
strongly
odor
selective
even
early
task
learning,
projection
odor-selectivity
but
remained
weaker
than
LEC.
Finally,
both
slowed
representational
drift
representations
across
48
hours.
Altogether,
information
from
strong
odor-timed
activity
are
crucial
may
role
explaining
one-shot
information.