Inbreeding and Outbreeding Depression in Wild and Captive Insect Populations

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 271 - 292

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Major changes in genetic variation are generally considered deleterious to populations. The massive biodiversity of insects distinguishes them from other animal groups. Insect deviant effective population sizes, alternative modes reproduction, advantageous inbreeding, endosymbionts, and factors translate highly specific inbreeding outbreeding outcomes. We review the evidence for depression consequences across wild captive insect populations, highlighting conservation, invasion, commercial production entomology. not only discern patterns but also explain why they often inconsistent or absent. discuss how operates complex, sometimes contradictory directions, such as being detrimental individuals beneficial conclude by giving recommendations ( a ) more comprehensively account important variables depression, b standardize means measuring phenotypic impacts populations so reliably predict when applies, c outline possible remediation options, both nongenetic genetic, including revision restrictive international trade laws.

Language: Английский

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Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Insects

Insects, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 160 - 160

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Dosage compensation (DC) is of crucial importance in balancing the sex-linked gene expression between males and females. It serves to guarantee that proteins or other enzymatic products encoded by sex chromosome exhibit quantitative parity two genders. During evolutionary process achieving dose compensation, insects have developed a wide variety mechanisms. There exist primary modes dosage mechanisms, including up-regulation heterogametic chromosomes heterogamety down-regulation homogametic homogamety. Although extensive investigations been conducted on model insects, many questions still remain unresolved. Meanwhile, research non-model attracting increasing attention. This paper systematically summarizes current advances field insect with respect its types The principal involved this study include Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum, Bombyx mori, lepidopteran insects. analyzes controversial issues about also provides prospects for future research.

Language: Английский

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Sex determination in moths and butterflies: Masculinizer as key player

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101375 - 101375

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Butterfly brains change in morphology and in gene splicing patterns after brief pheromone exposure

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 3, 2024

Abstract How insect brains differ between the sexes and respond to sex-specific pheromones is still not well understood. Here we briefly exposed female Bicyclus anynana butterflies wild type (Wt) modified male sex pheromone blends, previously shown modify females’ sexual preferences, examined how their were at morphological molecular levels, three days later. First, 3D-reconstructed of this species documented dimorphism in size seven 67 glomeruli present olfactory lobe. Then showed that several changed volume after blend exposures, implicating them perception. Finally, found a few genes differentially expressed but many more spliced naïve brains, naive blend-exposed brains. These are primarily calcium-binding channels RNA-binding genes, respectively. A learned preference for levels single component was linked variants proteins involved synaptic transmission. Our work shows gene splicing patterns brief, 3-minute, exposure produces slight changes brain large neural development, correlate with preferences females. Significance statement cues hot research topic. investigate from those males pheromones. We find sub-set lobe glomeruli, some also blends. In addition, hundreds splice variants, both before exposure. findings suggest different (splice variants) characterize brief can lead structure further altered butterflies.

Language: Английский

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A W chromosome-derived feminizing piRNA in pyralid moths demonstrates convergent evolution for primary sex determination signals in Lepidoptera

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Background The primary signals of sex determination in insects are diverse and evolve erratically. This also appears to be the case with moths butterflies. In silkworm Bombyx mori, female development is triggered by a W-linked Feminizer (Fem) piRNA degrading mRNA Z-linked Masculinizer (Masc) gene, which controls male development. However, Fem absent related Trilocha varians. Since mechanism similar that has evolved phylogenetically distant Plutella xylostella, we investigated whether this conserved other groups Lepidoptera. Results We examined W chromosome Ephestia kuehniella for non-coding feminizing genes identified putative many partial copies EkMasc gene. generated repetitive sequence named E. kuehniella Moth-overruler-of-masculinization (EkMom). EkMom shows high similarity region expressed at onset development, suggesting it likely trigger determination. then mapped small RNA-seq data from embryos Plodia interpunctella PiMasc gene single RNA, PiMom piRNA, able target PiMasc, identity piRNA. Both repeats present copy number form cluster on chromosome. Conclusions Our study provides multiple lines evidence sex-determining signal two pyralid highlights possible pathway origin piRNAs A between proposed P. (Pyralidae) xylostella (Plutellidae) function B. mori (Bombycidae) suggests convergent evolution

Language: Английский

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Honeybees’ novel complementary sex-determining system: function and origin

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(11), P. 969 - 981

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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