The changing nature of future Arctic marine heatwaves and its potential impacts on the ecosystem

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 162 - 170

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Abstract Marine heatwaves (MHWs), defined as extreme ocean warming episodes, have strengthened over the past decades. High-resolution climate models improve understanding of MHWs under global warming, but such events in future Arctic are currently overlooked. In a high-resolution model, we find intensify on orders magnitude during twenty-first century, following sea ice retreat. However, with little coverage, strong interannual variability emerges, which could surpass amplitude former intensification. Furthermore, enhancement correlates an order increase rate change temperature anomaly. Additionally, found to be accompanied by stratification enhancement, stratification. Such fluctuations combined suggest major challenges for ecosystems, and may negatively impact food webs through direct physiological effects, well indirectly nutrient supply taxonomic shifts.

Language: Английский

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Arctic and Subarctic marine heatwaves and their ecological impacts

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

The Arctic and Subarctic seas are predicted to become hotspots for marine heatwaves (MHWs). High-latitude ecosystems face unique consequences from accelerated warming sea ice loss, challenging species adapted cold conditions. We review the literature on MHW characteristics ecological impacts in seas, contrast between Bering Sea Barents Sea. uncover pervasive of MHWs across widely different organism groups, including benthic foundation species, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, seabirds, mammals. marginal especially prevalent areas experiencing retreat, such as seasonal zones, highlighting complex interplay dynamics. Overall, few studies have documented high-latitude ecosystems, with notable exception Chukchi 2017–2019. Many their narrow thermal preferences, appear vulnerable MHWs, they might not access climate refugia, while boreal benefit MHWs. Sessile kelp seagrasses, at risk during although evidence remains limited. Reproductive failure mass mortality events been several Pacific (e.g., crabs). observed ecosystem-wide repercussions northern shifts plankton communities affecting entire food web. responses still fully understood, a need further research assess direct indirect various taxa improve predictive models better management conservation strategies. can also large ecosystem services socio-ecological systems, example, closures economically valuable culturally important fisheries, seen Alaska, degradation traditional ice-hunting practices, compromised wellbeing coastal communities. Large abrupt changes following underscore urgent adaptive strategies ongoing change.

Language: Английский

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Marine organic aerosol at Mace Head: effects from phytoplankton and source region variability

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4107 - 4129

Published: April 10, 2025

Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) is recognized as a significant component of particulate matter (PM), yet their specific composition and sources, especially over remote areas, remain elusive due to the overall scarcity high-resolution online data. In this study, positive matrix factorization was performed on organic mass spectra obtained from time-of-flight spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) measurements resolve sources contributing coastal PM. The focus summertime period marked by enhanced biological productivity with prevailing pristine maritime conditions. Four OA factors were deconvolved source apportionment model. analysis revealed primary marine (PMOA) predominant submicron at Mace Head during summertime, accounting for 42 % total resolved mass. This trailed more oxidized oxygenated (MO-OOA) 32 %, methanesulfonic acid (MSA-OA) 17 locally emitted peat-derived (peat-OA) 9 Elemental ratios (O:C–H:C) derived each these factors: PMOA (0.66–1.16), MO-OOA (0.78–1.39), MSA-OA (0.66–1.39), peat-OA (0.43–1.34). O:C–H:C range hints aliphatic lignin-like compounds formation. concentrations secondary equal almost exclusively present in boundary layer, agreement previous findings. study reveals that not only reflects atmospheric chemistry meteorology – evidenced ageing polar air masses North Atlantic, driven ozonolysis under Greenland anticyclonic conditions but also serves an indicator ecosystems. evident being notably associated stress enzyme markers showing typical makeup largely abacterial phytoplankton extracellular metabolic processes. distinct regions within Atlantic factors. primarily Iceland Basin, rapid production following coccolithophore blooms (lag 1–2 d), while diatoms contribute slower formation process reflecting oceanic contrast, sourced variable ecoregions, including southern Celtic Sea, western European Newfoundland additional contributions chlorophytes cyanobacteria southerly latitudes. Overall, findings emphasize need longer-term investigations further map influence taxa variability broader impacts aerosol–climate interactions.

Language: Английский

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Global Variability and Future Projections of Marine Heatwave Onset and Decline Rates

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1362 - 1362

Published: April 11, 2025

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can significantly impact marine ecosystems and socio-economic systems, their severity may increase with global warming. Nevertheless, research on the onset decline rates of MHWs remains limited, historical future variations are not yet fully understood. This study, therefore, analyzes spatiotemporal characteristics MHW by using sea surface temperature data from OISSTv2.1 CMIP6. The results indicate that during period 1982 to 2014, were higher in eddy-active mid-latitude current systems western tropical region but lower subtropical gyres. A remarkably high correlation (0.94) exists between rates; regions also tend have rates. Approximately 49.69% ocean exhibits an increasing trend rates, significant increases observed Eastern Equatorial Pacific. Meanwhile, 92.87% oceanic exhibit Looking ahead (2015~2100), both SSP245 SSP585 scenarios display consistent spatial patterns Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension, Gulf Stream, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Brazil-Malvinas Confluence relatively Under scenario, than those under scenario. indicates as warming intensifies, more extreme likely occur. finding it is necessary pay attention rate when mitigating its potential impacts.

Language: Английский

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Concurrent global change and marine heatwaves disturb phototrophic more than heterotrophic protist diversity

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

Abstract Anthropogenic pressures like ocean warming, acidification, rising N : P ratios, and marine heatwaves (MHWs) are affecting eukaryotic plankton diversity, though their combined impacts rarely studied. To address this, we conducted a mesocosm experiment on North Sea community, testing the influence of MHW under ambient future environmental conditions. Using 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing, found that global change generally reduced protist in particular phototrophic organisms. While heterotrophs were largely unaffected by heatwaves, diversity declined especially during cooling only recovered Global shifted community from nano‐ to pico‐sized phototrophs increased harmful algae bloom species parasites, while elevated ochrophytes. The coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica thrived both stressors. Our findings suggest changing baseline conditions extreme events can differentially impact heterotrophic with potential consequences for metabolic balance communities.

Language: Английский

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Different temperature sensitivities of key physiological processes lead to divergent trait response patterns in Arctic phytoplankton

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(8), P. 1845 - 1856

Published: July 19, 2024

Abstract Ocean warming is especially pronounced in the Arctic, and phytoplankton will face thermodynamically driven changes their physiology, potentially pushing them beyond thermal optimum. We assessed temperature responses of multiple functional traits over entire window (growth rates, quotas particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, chlorophyll a , as well photophysiological parameters) three different Arctic species ( Thalassiosira hyalina Micromonas pusilla Nitzschia frigida ). Temperature response patterns growth biomass production rates indicated that all exhibit wide windows with highest at temperatures exceed current polar temperatures. Species showed cellular elemental quotas, which originate from interplay cell division production: These processes differ sensitivity optima, resulting U‐shaped, bell‐shaped, or linear quotas. Despite unaltered light intensity, higher increased acclimation indices while lifetimes photosystem II reopening decreased species, suggesting causes transition saturation to limitation. Our findings on sensitivities not only indicate may benefit moderate warming, but also highlight meaningful interpretations require consideration underlying processes.

Language: Английский

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Environmental and Climatic Drivers of Phytoplankton Communities in Central Asia

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 717 - 717

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Artificial water bodies in Central Asia offer unique environments which to study plankton diversity influenced by topographic barriers. However, the complexity of these ecosystems and limited comprehensive studies region challenge our understanding. In this study, we systematically investigated environment parameters phytoplankton community structure surveying 14 artificial waters on southern side Altai Mountains northern sides Tianshan Xinjiang region. The survey covered physical nutrient indicators, results showed noticeable spatial differences between different regions. temperature, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, phosphorus vary greatly. contrast, have more consistent indicators. identification that communities regions are somewhat different, with diatom species being dominant taxon. cluster analysis non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) also confirmed variability areas. variance partitioning (VPA) climatic environmental factors can explain some observed data. Nevertheless, residual values indicated presence other unmeasured or influence stochasticity. This provides a scientific basis for regional resource management protection.

Language: Английский

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Arctic Amplification of marine heatwaves under global warming

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multifaceted dinoflagellates and the marine model Prorocentrum cordatum

Microbial Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(1), P. 197 - 242

Published: July 24, 2024

Dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group within the taxon Alveolata, which comprises unicellular eukaryotes. have long been studied for their organismic and morphologic diversity as well striking cellular features. They main size range of 10-100 µm, complex "cell covering", exceptionally large genomes (∼1-250 Gbp with mean 50,000 protein-encoding genes) spread over variable number highly condensed chromosomes, perform closed mitosis extranuclear spindles (dinomitosis). Photosynthetic, marine, free-living Prorocentrum cordatum is ubiquitously occurring, bloom-forming dinoflagellate, an emerging model system, particularly respect to systems biology.

Language: Английский

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How Heatwaves Impact Microalgae in the Presence of Environmentally Relevant PFAS Concentration: Metabolic Shifts and Challenges Posed

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 484, P. 136640 - 136640

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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