Science,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
365(6455)
Published: Aug. 23, 2019
Soil
organisms
represent
the
most
biologically
diverse
community
on
land
and
govern
turnover
of
largest
organic
matter
pool
in
terrestrial
biosphere.
The
highly
complex
nature
these
communities
at
local
scales
has
traditionally
obscured
efforts
to
identify
unifying
patterns
global
soil
biodiversity
biogeochemistry.
As
a
result,
environmental
covariates
have
generally
been
used
as
proxy
variation
activity
biogeochemical
models.
Yet
over
past
decade,
broad-scale
studies
begun
see
this
heterogeneity
biomass,
diversity,
composition
certain
groups
across
globe.
These
provide
new
insights
into
fundamental
distribution
dynamics
land.
Ecology Letters,
Journal Year:
2007,
Volume and Issue:
11(3), P. 296 - 310
Published: Nov. 29, 2007
Abstract
Microbes
are
the
unseen
majority
in
soil
and
comprise
a
large
portion
of
life’s
genetic
diversity.
Despite
their
abundance,
impact
microbes
on
ecosystem
processes
is
still
poorly
understood.
Here
we
explore
various
roles
that
play
terrestrial
ecosystems
with
special
emphasis
contribution
to
plant
productivity
Soil
important
regulators
productivity,
especially
nutrient
poor
where
symbionts
responsible
for
acquisition
limiting
nutrients.
Mycorrhizal
fungi
nitrogen‐fixing
bacteria
c.
5–20%
(grassland
savannah)
80%
(temperate
boreal
forests)
all
nitrogen,
up
75%
phosphorus,
acquired
by
plants
annually.
Free‐living
also
strongly
regulate
through
mineralization
of,
competition
for,
nutrients
sustain
productivity.
microbes,
including
microbial
pathogens,
community
dynamics
diversity,
determining
abundance
and,
some
cases,
facilitating
invasion
exotic
plants.
Conservative
estimates
suggest
20
000
species
completely
dependent
growth
survival
pointing
importance
as
richness
Earth.
Overall,
this
review
shows
must
be
considered
drivers
diversity
ecosystems.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
114(30)
Published: July 10, 2017
Significance
The
strong
focus
on
species
extinctions,
a
critical
aspect
of
the
contemporary
pulse
biological
extinction,
leads
to
common
misimpression
that
Earth’s
biota
is
not
immediately
threatened,
just
slowly
entering
an
episode
major
biodiversity
loss.
This
view
overlooks
current
trends
population
declines
and
extinctions.
Using
sample
27,600
terrestrial
vertebrate
species,
more
detailed
analysis
177
mammal
we
show
extremely
high
degree
decay
in
vertebrates,
even
“species
low
concern.”
Dwindling
sizes
range
shrinkages
amount
massive
anthropogenic
erosion
ecosystem
services
essential
civilization.
“biological
annihilation”
underlines
seriousness
for
humanity
ongoing
sixth
mass
extinction
event.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
111(14), P. 5266 - 5270
Published: March 17, 2014
Significance
Biological
diversity
is
the
foundation
for
maintenance
of
ecosystems.
Consequently
it
thought
that
anthropogenic
activities
reduce
in
ecosystems
threaten
ecosystem
performance.
A
large
proportion
biodiversity
within
terrestrial
hidden
below
ground
soils,
and
impact
altering
its
composition
on
performance
still
poorly
understood.
Using
a
novel
experimental
system
to
alter
levels
soil
community
composition,
we
found
reductions
abundance
presence
organisms
results
decline
multiple
functions,
including
plant
nutrient
cycling
retention.
This
suggests
below-ground
key
resource
maintaining
functioning
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 28, 2016
Abstract
Despite
the
importance
of
microbial
communities
for
ecosystem
services
and
human
welfare,
relationship
between
diversity
multiple
functions
(that
is,
multifunctionality)
at
global
scale
has
yet
to
be
evaluated.
Here
we
use
two
independent,
large-scale
databases
with
contrasting
geographic
coverage
(from
78
drylands
from
179
locations
across
Scotland,
respectively),
report
that
soil
positively
relates
multifunctionality
in
terrestrial
ecosystems.
The
direct
positive
effects
were
maintained
even
when
accounting
simultaneously
drivers
(climate,
abiotic
factors
spatial
predictors).
Our
findings
provide
empirical
evidence
any
loss
will
likely
reduce
multifunctionality,
negatively
impacting
provision
such
as
climate
regulation,
fertility
food
fibre
production
by
Cambridge University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2010,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 110 - 139
Published: March 4, 2010
The
degradation
of
ecosystem
services
poses
a
significant
barrier
to
the
achievement
Millennium
Development
Goals
and
MDG
targets
for
2015.Millennium
Ecosystem
Assessment,
2005,
p.
18
