Experimental particle formation rates spanning tropospheric sulfuric acid and ammonia abundances, ion production rates, and temperatures DOI Creative Commons
Andreas Kürten, Federico Bianchi, J. Almeida

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 121(20)

Published: Oct. 27, 2016

Abstract Binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water as well ternary involving ammonia are thought to be the dominant processes responsible for new particle formation (NPF) in cold temperatures middle upper troposphere. Ions also important these regions. However, global models presently lack experimentally measured NPF rates under controlled laboratory conditions so at present must rely on theoretical or empirical parameterizations. Here with data obtained European Organization Nuclear Research CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we first experimental survey spanning free tropospheric conditions. The during cover a temperature range from 208 298 K, concentrations between 5 × 10 1 9 cm −3 , mixing ratios zero added ammonia, i.e., nominally pure binary, maximum ~1400 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). We performed studies neutral ions being chamber ionization up 75 ion pairs s −1 study ion‐induced nucleation. found that contribution is small 248 K when several pptv higher. presence charges significantly enhances rates, especially higher independent NH 3 levels. compare calculated cluster Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code evaporation quantum chemistry.

Language: Английский

Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin DOI Creative Commons
Meinrat O. Andreae, Armin Afchine, Rachel I. Albrecht

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 921 - 961

Published: Jan. 25, 2018

Abstract. Airborne observations over the Amazon Basin showed high aerosol particle concentrations in upper troposphere (UT) between 8 and 15 km altitude, with number densities (normalized to standard temperature pressure) often exceeding those planetary boundary layer (PBL) by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. The measurements were made during German–Brazilian cooperative aircraft campaign ACRIDICON–CHUVA, where ACRIDICON stands for Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, Radiation Interactions Dynamics Convective Cloud Systems CHUVA is acronym Processes Main Precipitation Brazil: A Contribution Resolving Modeling GPM (global precipitation measurement), on German High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO). took place September–October 2014, objective studying tropical deep convective clouds rainforest their interactions atmospheric trace gases, particles, radiation. Aerosol enhancements observed consistently all flights which UT was probed, using several metrics, including condensation nuclei (CN) cloud (CCN) chemical species mass concentrations. particles differed sharply composition size distribution from PBL, ruling out transport combustion-derived (BL) as a source. air immediate outflow depleted whereas strongly enhanced small (< 90 nm diameter) found regions that had experienced convection preceding 5–72 h. We also elevated larger (> nm) UT, consisted mostly organic matter nitrate very effective CCN. Our findings suggest conceptual model, production new takes continental biogenic volatile material brought up converted condensable UT. Subsequently, downward mixing tropospheric can be source they increase compound (BVOC) oxidation products. This may an important Amazonian nucleation formation have not been observed. propose this dominant process supplying secondary pristine atmosphere, making control both removal particles.

Language: Английский

Citations

197
Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements DOI Creative Commons
Tuomo Nieminen, Veli‐Matti Kerminen, Tuukka Petäjä

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 18(19), P. 14737 - 14756

Published: Oct. 12, 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency NPF, rates 10 nm particles, and growth size range 10–25 using at least 1 year aerosol size-distribution observations 36 different locations around world. The majority these measurement sites are Northern Hemisphere. We found that NPF has a strong seasonal variability. At analyzed this study, occurs most frequently March–May (on about 30 % days) December–February (about days). median rate particles varies by 3 orders magnitude (0.01–10 cm−3 s−1) order (1–10 h−1). smallest values both were observed polar largest ones urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. correlation between event was best moderate among sites, as well belonging to certain environmental regime. For better understanding atmospheric its regional importance, would need more observational data from areas practically all parts world, additional remote North America, Asia, Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), areas, few over oceans.

Language: Английский

Citations

191
The role of highly oxygenated organic molecules in the Boreal aerosol-cloud-climate system DOI Creative Commons
Pontus Roldin, Mikael Ehn, Theo Kurtén

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Abstract Over Boreal regions, monoterpenes emitted from the forest are main precursors for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and primary driver of growth new particles to climatically important cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Autoxidation leads rapid Highly Oxygenated Molecules (HOM). We have developed first model with near-explicit representation atmospheric particle (NPF) HOM formation. The can reproduce observed NPF, gas-phase composition SOA over forest. During spring, increases CCN concentration by ~10 % causes a direct radiative forcing −0.10 W/m 2 . In contrast, NPF reduces number at updraft velocities < 0.2 m/s, +0.15 Hence, while contributes climate cooling, result in warming

Language: Английский

Citations

181
Seasonal Characteristics of New Particle Formation and Growth in Urban Beijing DOI

Chenjuan Deng,

Yueyun Fu,

Lubna Dada

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 54(14), P. 8547 - 8557

Published: July 1, 2020

Understanding the atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) process within global range is important for revealing budget of aerosols and their impacts. We investigated seasonal characteristics NPF in urban environment Beijing. Aerosol size distributions down to ∼1 nm H2SO4 concentration were measured during 2018–2019. The observed rate 1.5 particles (J1.5) significantly higher than those clean environment, e.g., Hyytiälä, whereas growth not different. Both J1.5 frequency Beijing show a clear variation with maxima winter minima summer, while rates are generally same around year. that ambient temperature governing factor driving J1.5. In contrast, condensation sink daily maximum no significant periods. all four seasons, (H2SO4)n(amine)n clusters contributes sub-3 range, it less above 3 nm. Therefore, other species always needed larger particles.

Language: Английский

Citations

179
Ion-induced sulfuric acid–ammonia nucleation drives particle formation in coastal Antarctica DOI Creative Commons
Tuija Jokinen, Mikko Sipilä, Jenni Kontkanen

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 4(11)

Published: Nov. 2, 2018

Antarctica is producing atmospheric aerosol of its own from trace gases emitted by the coastal flora and fauna.

Language: Английский

Citations

176
Atmospheric new particle formation in China DOI Creative Commons
Biwu Chu, Veli‐Matti Kerminen, Federico Bianchi

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 115 - 138

Published: Jan. 4, 2019

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) studies in China were summarized comprehensively this paper. NPF frequency, rate, and growth rate closely compared among the observations carried out at different types of sites regions seasons, with aim exploring nucleation mechanisms. The interactions between air pollution are discussed, emphasizing properties under heavy conditions. current understanding cannot fully explain frequent occurrence high aerosol loadings China, possible reasons for phenomenon proposed. effects some aspects research requiring further investigation also

Language: Английский

Citations

165
The Synergistic Role of Sulfuric Acid, Bases, and Oxidized Organics Governing New‐Particle Formation in Beijing DOI Creative Commons
Chao Yan, Rujing Yin, Yiqun Lu

et al.

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(7)

Published: March 22, 2021

Abstract Intense and frequent new particle formation (NPF) events have been observed in polluted urban environments, yet the dominant mechanisms are still under debate. To understand key species governing processes of NPF we conducted comprehensive measurements downtown Beijing during January–March, 2018. We performed detailed analyses on sulfuric acid cluster composition budget, as well chemical physical properties oxidized organic molecules (OOMs). Our results demonstrate that fast clustering (H 2 SO 4 ) base triggered events, OOMs further helped grow newly formed particles toward climate‐ health‐relevant sizes. This synergistic role H , species, is likely representative environments where abundant usually co‐exist, with moderately low volatility when produced high NO x concentrations.

Language: Английский

Citations

150
The hemispheric contrast in cloud microphysical properties constrains aerosol forcing DOI Creative Commons
Isabel L. McCoy, Daniel T. McCoy, Robert Wood

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(32), P. 18998 - 19006

Published: July 27, 2020

Significance Enhancement of aerosol that can nucleate cloud droplets increases the droplet number concentration and albedo clouds. This amount sunlight reflected to space. Uncertainty in how aerosol−cloud interactions over industrial period have increased planetary by this mechanism leads significant uncertainty climate projections. Our work presents a method for observationally constraining change due anthropogenic emissions: hemispheric difference remotely sensed between pristine Southern Ocean (a preindustrial proxy) polluted Northern Hemisphere. Application constraint models reduces range estimated since industrialization suggests current underpredict era.

Language: Английский

Citations

147
Sulfuric acid–amine nucleation in urban Beijing DOI Creative Commons
Runlong Cai, Chao Yan, Dongsen Yang

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 2457 - 2468

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) is one of the major sources atmospheric ultrafine particles. Due to high aerosol and trace gas concentrations, mechanism governing factors for NPF in polluted boundary layer may be quite different from those clean environments, which however less understood. Herein, based on long-term measurements January 2018 March 2019 Beijing, nucleation influences H2SO4 concentration, amine concentration are quantified. The collision H2SO4–amine clusters found dominating initialize urban Beijing. coagulation scavenging due a factor as it limits new rates. Beijing sometimes limited by low concentrations. Summarizing synergistic effects we elucidate various conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

146
Global variability in atmospheric new particle formation mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Bin Zhao, Neil M. Donahue, Kai Zhang

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 631(8019), P. 98 - 105

Published: June 12, 2024

A key challenge in aerosol pollution studies and climate change assessment is to understand how atmospheric particles are initially formed

Language: Английский

Citations

18