Cancer Treatment Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
70, P. 127 - 137
Published: July 20, 2018
There
has
been
significant
progress
in
the
treatment
of
patients
with
advanced
clear
cell
renal
carcinoma
(ccRCC),
improved
knowledge
disease
biology
and
introduction
targeted
agents
immunotherapies.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
emerging
first-line
options,
including
recent
approvals
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitor
(TKI)
cabozantinib
immunotherapy
combination
nivolumab
(anti-programmed
death
1
[PD-1])/ipilimumab
(anti-cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated
antigen
4
[CTLA-4]),
initial
outcomes
atezolizumab
(anti-PD-ligand
[PD-L1])/bevacizumab
(anti-vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
[VEGF]).
Key
clinical
data
are
reviewed,
as
these
novel
treatments
offer
improvement,
particularly
for
classified
intermediate/poor
risk
whom
previously
available
therapies
have
demonstrated
limited
efficacy.
Treatment
recommendations
based
on
evidence
expert
opinion
discussed.
We
also
review
ongoing
studies
investigating
combinations
checkpoint
inhibitors
TKIs,
axitinib,
other
immunomodulatory
agents,
potential
role
single-agent
select
patients.
With
a
growing
armamentarium,
identification
validation
biomarkers
will
be
crucial
optimizing
selection
sequences.
Annals of Oncology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
30(1), P. 44 - 56
Published: Nov. 1, 2018
Treatment
with
immune
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB)
agents
such
as
anti-programmed
cell
death
protein
1
(PD-1),
death-ligand
(PD-L1),
and/or
anti-cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated
4
(CTLA-4)
can
result
in
impressive
response
rates
and
durable
disease
remission
but
only
a
subset
of
patients
cancer.
Expression
PD-L1
has
demonstrated
utility
selecting
for
to
ICB
proven
be
an
important
biomarker
patient
selection.
Tumor
mutation
burden
(TMB)
is
emerging
potential
biomarker.
However,
refinement
interpretation
contextualization
required.
Genes & Development,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
32(19-20), P. 1267 - 1284
Published: Oct. 1, 2018
The
presence
of
inflammatory
immune
cells
in
human
tumors
raises
a
fundamental
question
oncology:
How
do
cancer
avoid
the
destruction
by
attack?
In
principle,
tumor
development
can
be
controlled
cytotoxic
innate
and
adaptive
cells;
however,
as
develops
from
neoplastic
tissue
to
clinically
detectable
tumors,
evolve
different
mechanisms
that
mimic
peripheral
tolerance
order
tumoricidal
attack.
Here,
we
provide
an
update
recent
accomplishments,
unifying
concepts,
future
challenges
study
tumor-associated
cells,
with
emphasis
on
metastatic
carcinomas.
