Cancer Treatment Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
70, P. 127 - 137
Published: July 20, 2018
There
has
been
significant
progress
in
the
treatment
of
patients
with
advanced
clear
cell
renal
carcinoma
(ccRCC),
improved
knowledge
disease
biology
and
introduction
targeted
agents
immunotherapies.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
emerging
first-line
options,
including
recent
approvals
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitor
(TKI)
cabozantinib
immunotherapy
combination
nivolumab
(anti-programmed
death
1
[PD-1])/ipilimumab
(anti-cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated
antigen
4
[CTLA-4]),
initial
outcomes
atezolizumab
(anti-PD-ligand
[PD-L1])/bevacizumab
(anti-vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
[VEGF]).
Key
clinical
data
are
reviewed,
as
these
novel
treatments
offer
improvement,
particularly
for
classified
intermediate/poor
risk
whom
previously
available
therapies
have
demonstrated
limited
efficacy.
Treatment
recommendations
based
on
evidence
expert
opinion
discussed.
We
also
review
ongoing
studies
investigating
combinations
checkpoint
inhibitors
TKIs,
axitinib,
other
immunomodulatory
agents,
potential
role
single-agent
select
patients.
With
a
growing
armamentarium,
identification
validation
biomarkers
will
be
crucial
optimizing
selection
sequences.
Biomarker Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Aug. 26, 2020
Abstract
Although
the
clinical
development
of
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
therapy
has
ushered
in
a
new
era
anti-tumor
therapy,
with
sustained
responses
and
significant
survival
advantages
observed
multiple
tumors,
most
patients
do
not
benefit.
Therefore,
more
attention
been
paid
to
identification
predictive
biomarkers
for
response
ICIs,
in-depth
comprehensive
understanding
continuously
explored
recent
years.
Predictive
markers
ICIs
efficacy
have
gradually
from
expression
intermolecular
interactions
within
tumor
cells
various
molecules
microenvironment,
extended
exploration
circulating
host
systemic
markers.
With
high-throughput
sequencing
microarray
technology,
variety
biomarker
strategies
deeply
achieved
process
single
marker
multifactorial
synergistic
Comprehensive
predictive-models
developed
by
integrating
different
types
data
based
on
components
tumor-host
is
direction
future
research
will
profound
impact
field
precision
immuno-oncology.
In
this
review,
we
analyze
course
progress
as
an
adjunctive
tool
immunotherapy
effectively
identifying
discuss
their
directions
achieving
Cancer Immunology Research,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
6(9), P. 990 - 1000
Published: Sept. 1, 2018
Immunotherapies
such
as
checkpoint-blocking
antibodies
and
adoptive
cell
transfer
are
emerging
treatments
for
a
growing
number
of
cancers.
Despite
clinical
activity
immunotherapies
across
range
cancer
types,
the
majority
patients
fail
to
respond
these
resistance
mechanisms
remain
incompletely
defined.
Responses
immunotherapy
preferentially
occur
in
tumors
with
preexisting
antitumor
T-cell
response
that
can
most
robustly
be
measured
via
expression
dendritic
CD8
Cancer Treatment Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
70, P. 127 - 137
Published: July 20, 2018
There
has
been
significant
progress
in
the
treatment
of
patients
with
advanced
clear
cell
renal
carcinoma
(ccRCC),
improved
knowledge
disease
biology
and
introduction
targeted
agents
immunotherapies.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
emerging
first-line
options,
including
recent
approvals
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitor
(TKI)
cabozantinib
immunotherapy
combination
nivolumab
(anti-programmed
death
1
[PD-1])/ipilimumab
(anti-cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated
antigen
4
[CTLA-4]),
initial
outcomes
atezolizumab
(anti-PD-ligand
[PD-L1])/bevacizumab
(anti-vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
[VEGF]).
Key
clinical
data
are
reviewed,
as
these
novel
treatments
offer
improvement,
particularly
for
classified
intermediate/poor
risk
whom
previously
available
therapies
have
demonstrated
limited
efficacy.
Treatment
recommendations
based
on
evidence
expert
opinion
discussed.
We
also
review
ongoing
studies
investigating
combinations
checkpoint
inhibitors
TKIs,
axitinib,
other
immunomodulatory
agents,
potential
role
single-agent
select
patients.
With
a
growing
armamentarium,
identification
validation
biomarkers
will
be
crucial
optimizing
selection
sequences.