Biogeosciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
19(15), P. 3537 - 3557
Published: Aug. 1, 2022
Abstract.
Ocean
alkalinity
enhancement
(OAE)
is
a
method
that
can
remove
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
from
the
atmosphere
and
counteract
ocean
acidification
through
dissolution
of
alkaline
minerals.
Currently,
critical
knowledge
gaps
exist
regarding
different
minerals
suitable
for
OAE
in
natural
seawater.
Of
particular
importance
to
understand
how
much
mineral
be
dissolved
before
secondary
precipitation
calcium
carbonate
(CaCO3)
occurs,
since
CaCO3
reduces
atmospheric
CO2
uptake
potential
OAE.
Using
two
types
proposed
OAE,
quick
lime
(CaO)
hydrated
(Ca(OH)2),
we
show
both
(<63
µm
diameter)
seawater
within
few
hours.
No
occurred
at
saturation
state
(ΩA)
∼5,
but
form
aragonite
above
an
ΩA
value
7.
This
limit
lower
than
expected
typical
pseudo-homogeneous
precipitation,
i.e.
presence
colloids
organic
matter.
Secondary
low
(∼
7)
was
result
heterogeneous
onto
surfaces,
most
likely
added
CaO
Ca(OH)2
particles.
Most
importantly,
runaway
observed,
condition
where
significantly
more
total
(TA)
removed
initially
added.
Such
could
reduce
efficiency
∼
0.8
mol
per
mole
TA
down
0.1
TA.
Runaway
appears
avoidable
by
dilution
below
threshold
5,
ideally
hours
additions
minimise
initial
precipitation.
Finally,
simulations
suggest
same
threshold,
amount
would
3
times
higher
5
∘C
30
∘C.
The
maximum
addition
also
increased
equilibrating
levels
(i.e.
pCO2
416
µatm)
during
addition.
allow
without
inducing
using
its
removal
potential.
Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
380(6642)
Published: April 20, 2023
Earth's
biodiversity
and
human
societies
face
pollution,
overconsumption
of
natural
resources,
urbanization,
demographic
shifts,
social
economic
inequalities,
habitat
loss,
many
which
are
exacerbated
by
climate
change.
Here,
we
review
links
among
climate,
biodiversity,
society
develop
a
roadmap
toward
sustainability.
These
include
limiting
warming
to
1.5°C
effectively
conserving
restoring
functional
ecosystems
on
30
50%
land,
freshwater,
ocean
"scapes."
We
envision
mosaic
interconnected
protected
shared
spaces,
including
intensively
used
strengthen
self-sustaining
the
capacity
people
nature
adapt
mitigate
change,
nature's
contributions
people.
Fostering
interlinked
human,
ecosystem,
planetary
health
for
livable
future
urgently
requires
bold
implementation
transformative
policy
interventions
through
institutions,
governance,
systems
from
local
global
levels.
Annual Review of Environment and Resources,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
45(1), P. 1 - 27
Published: May 14, 2020
Despite
their
heterogeneity,
small
island
developing
states
(SIDS)
are
recognized
as
being
particularly
at
risk
to
climate
change,
and,
they
share
numerous
common
traits,
the
United
Nations
recognizes
them
a
special
group.
SIDS
have
been
quite
vocal
in
calling
attention
challenges
face
from
change
and
advocating
for
greater
international
ambition
limit
global
warming.
Here,
we
unpack
factors
that
helpful
understanding
relationship
between
through
review
of
studies
span
disciplines
methodologies.
We
assess
patterns
hazards,
exposure,
vulnerability;
impacts
risks;
awareness
knowledge;
adaptation
planning
implementation;
mitigation;
loss
damage;
justice
provide
an
overarching
literature
on
SIDS.
Nano Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(4), P. 1557 - 1565
Published: Feb. 1, 2022
The
electrochemical
reduction
of
CO2
to
produce
carbon-based
fuels
and
chemicals
possesses
huge
potentials
alleviate
current
environmental
problems.
However,
it
is
confronted
by
great
challenges
in
the
design
active
electrocatalysts
with
low
overpotentials
high
product
selectivity.
Here
we
report
atomic
tuning
a
single-Fe-atom
catalyst
phosphorus
(Fe-N/P-C)
on
commercial
carbon
black
as
robust
electrocatalyst
for
reduction.
Fe-N/P-C
exhibits
impressive
performance
CO,
Faradaic
efficiency
98%
mass-normalized
turnover
frequency
508.8
h-1
at
overpotential
0.34
V.
On
basis
ex-situ
X-ray
absorption
spectroscopy
measurements
DFT
calculations,
reveal
that
P
catalysts
reduces
oxidation
state
Fe
center
decreases
free-energy
barrier
*CO
intermediate
formation,
consequently
maintaining
electrocatalytic
activity
stability
catalysts.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
113(1), P. 7 - 16
Published: Oct. 7, 2020
Global
and
local
food
system
transformation
is
necessary
in
order
to
ensure
the
delivery
of
healthy,
safe,
nutritious
foods
both
sustainable
equitable
ways.
Food
systems
are
complex
entities
that
affect
diets,
human
health,
a
range
other
outcomes
including
economic
growth,
natural
resource
environmental
resiliency,
sociocultural
factors.
However,
contribute
vulnerable
ongoing
climate
changes
threaten
their
sustainability.
Although
there
has
been
increased
focus
on
this
topic
recent
years,
many
gaps
our
knowledge
persist
relation
between
factors,
systems,
nutritional
outcomes.
In
article,
we
summarize
emerging
field
describe
what
innovative
nutrition
research
needed
bring
about
policy
era
disruption
degradation.
Geophysical Research Letters,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
48(6)
Published: Feb. 19, 2021
Abstract
How
long
will
the
four
seasons
be
by
2100?
Increasing
evidence
suggests
that
length
of
a
single
season
or
in
regional
scales
has
changed
under
global
warming,
but
hemispherical‐scale
response
past
and
future
remains
unknown.
We
find
summer
Northern
Hemisphere
midlatitudes
lengthened,
whereas
winter
shortened,
owing
to
shifts
their
onsets
withdrawals,
accompanied
shorter
spring
autumn.
Such
changes
lengths
can
mainly
attributed
greenhouse‐warming.
Even
if
current
warming
rate
does
not
accelerate,
still
exacerbated
future.
Under
business‐as‐usual
scenario,
is
projected
last
nearly
half
year,
less
than
2
months
2100.
The
changing
seasonal
clock
signifies
disturbed
agriculture
rhythm
species
activities,
more
frequent
heat
waves,
storms
wildfires,
amounting
increased
risks
humanity.
