Designing a blueprint for coral reef survival

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 109107 - 109107

Published: April 17, 2021

Maintaining coral reef ecosystems is a social imperative, because so many people depend on reefs for food production, shoreline protection, and livelihoods. The survival of this century, however, threatened by the mounting effects climate change. Climate mitigation foremost essential action to prevent ecosystem collapse. Without it, will become extremely diminished within next 20–30 years. Even with strong mitigation, existing conservation measures such as marine protected areas fisheries management are no longer sufficient sustain additional innovative actions increase resilience must also be taken. In paper we assess suite protections in terms their potential effective according set criteria that include effectiveness, readiness, co-benefits disbenefits. best scientific innovation, saving require well-funded, well-designed, rapidly executed strategy political commitments at level other grand challenges.

Language: Английский

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Physiological mechanisms of the impact of heat during pregnancy and the clinical implications: review of the evidence from an expert group meeting

International Journal of Biometeorology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 66(8), P. 1505 - 1513

Published: May 12, 2022

Many populations experience high seasonal temperatures. Pregnant women are considered vulnerable to extreme heat because ambient exposure has been linked pregnancy complications including preterm birth and low birthweight. The physiological mechanisms that underpin these associations poorly understood. We reviewed the existing research evidence clarify lead adverse outcomes in order inform public health actions. A multi-disciplinary expert group met review base formulate a consensus regarding mediate effect of temperature on pregnancy. literature search was conducted advance meeting identify hypotheses develop series questions themes for discussion. Numerous have generated based animal models limited observational studies. There is growing pregnant able appropriately thermoregulate; however, when exposed heat, there number processes may occur which could harm mother or fetus reduction placental blood flow, dehydration, an inflammatory response trigger birth. lack substantial cause women. Research urgently needed what causes related temperatures so impact climate change can be mitigated.

Language: Английский

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Spatial correlation evolution and prediction scenario of land use carbon emissions in China

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 101802 - 101802

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Carbon dioxide emissions are the main drivers of global warming and extreme weather disasters caused by have posed a threat to sustainable development even human survival. Land use has an important impact on carbon storage. This study quantified land emissions, constructed emission grid, simulated future patterns under different scenarios in China during 2000–2018. were found increase 400.29% this period higher northeast. We discerned obvious spatial correlations between various provinces thus, recommended stronger inter-provincial cooperation achieve overall reduction country. The correlation network revealed that regions with superior economic geographical location center network. Compared 2018, natural scenario ecological protection indicated China's decreased 2030. Thus, results indicate individual provincial governance mode overlooked across provinces, due which these not effectively reduced. highlighted importance protection, is significant for promoting use, increasing sink, reducing emissions.

Language: Английский

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Data-driven predictions of the time remaining until critical global warming thresholds are reached

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(6)

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Leveraging artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained on climate model output, we use the spatial pattern of historical temperature observations to predict time until critical global warming thresholds are reached. Although no used during training, validation, or testing, ANNs accurately timing from maps annual temperature. The central estimate for 1.5 °C threshold is between 2033 and 2035, including a ±1σ range 2028 2039 in Intermediate (SSP2-4.5) forcing scenario, consistent with previous assessments. However, our data-driven approach also suggests substantial probability exceeding 2 even Low (SSP1-2.6) scenario. While there limitations approach, results suggest higher likelihood reaching scenario than indicated some assessments—though possibility that could be avoided not ruled out. Explainable AI methods reveal focus particular geographic regions Our framework provides unique, quantifying signal change constraining uncertainty projections. Given existing evidence accelerating risks natural human systems at °C, provide further high-impact over next three decades.

Language: Английский

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Ocean alkalinity enhancement – avoiding runaway CaCO₃ precipitation during quick and hydrated lime dissolution

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(15), P. 3537 - 3557

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a method that can remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and counteract ocean acidification through dissolution of alkaline minerals. Currently, critical knowledge gaps exist regarding different minerals suitable for OAE in natural seawater. Of particular importance to understand how much mineral be dissolved before secondary precipitation calcium carbonate (CaCO3) occurs, since CaCO3 reduces atmospheric CO2 uptake potential OAE. Using two types proposed OAE, quick lime (CaO) hydrated (Ca(OH)2), we show both (<63 µm diameter) seawater within few hours. No occurred at saturation state (ΩA) ∼5, but form aragonite above an ΩA value 7. This limit lower than expected typical pseudo-homogeneous precipitation, i.e. presence colloids organic matter. Secondary low (∼ 7) was result heterogeneous onto surfaces, most likely added CaO Ca(OH)2 particles. Most importantly, runaway observed, condition where significantly more total (TA) removed initially added. Such could reduce efficiency ∼ 0.8 mol per mole TA down 0.1 TA. Runaway appears avoidable by dilution below threshold 5, ideally hours additions minimise initial precipitation. Finally, simulations suggest same threshold, amount would 3 times higher 5 ∘C 30 ∘C. The maximum addition also increased equilibrating levels (i.e. pCO2 416 µatm) during addition. allow without inducing using its removal potential.

Language: Английский

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