The evolutionary consequences of human–wildlife conflict in cities DOI Creative Commons
Christopher J. Schell, Lauren A. Stanton, Julie K. Young

et al.

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 178 - 197

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in urban nonurban systems. Management-induced selection significantly affect adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes populations, yet few studies explicate links among wildlife management, evolution. Moreover, intensity management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious cultural beliefs, geographic region, underscores complexity developing flexible tools reduce conflict. Here, we cross-disciplinary perspective integrates evolution address how social-ecological drive adaptation cities. We emphasize variance implemented actions shapes strength rate phenotypic change. also consider specific either promote genetic plastic changes, leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize while minimizing Investigating an phenomenon provide insights into arises plays critical role shaping phenotypes.

Language: Английский

Urban biodiversity: State of the science and future directions DOI
Christine C. Rega‐Brodsky, Myla F. J. Aronson, Max R. Piana

et al.

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 1083 - 1096

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

126
Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally DOI Creative Commons
Kelton Minor, Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen,

Sigga Svala Jonasdottir

et al.

One Earth, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. 534 - 549

Published: May 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

122
Systemic racial disparities in funding rates at the National Science Foundation DOI Creative Commons
Christine Y. Chen, Sara S. Kahanamoku, Aradhna Tripati

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Concerns about systemic racism at academic and research institutions have increased over the past decade. Here, we investigate data from National Science Foundation (NSF), a major funder of in United States, find evidence for pervasive racial disparities. In particular, white principal investigators (PIs) are consistently funded higher rates than most non-white PIs. Funding PIs also been increasing relative to annual overall with time. Moreover, disparities occur across all disciplinary directorates within NSF greater proposals. The distributions average external review scores exhibit systematic offsets based on PI race. Similar patterns described other funding bodies, suggesting that widespread. prevalence persistence these cascading impacts perpetuate cumulative advantage science, technology, engineering, mathematics.

Language: Английский

Citations

100
Governing for Transformative Change across the Biodiversity–Climate–Society Nexus DOI
Unai Pascual, Pamela McElwee, Sarah E. Diamond

et al.

BioScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(7), P. 684 - 704

Published: April 15, 2022

Abstract Transformative governance is key to addressing the global environmental crisis. We explore how transformative of complex biodiversity–climate–society interactions can be achieved, drawing on first joint report between Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change and Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Ecosystem Services reflect current opportunities, barriers, challenges for governance. identify principles under a nexus frame using four case studies: forest ecosystems, marine urban environments, Arctic. The are focused creating conditions build multifunctional interventions, integration, innovation across scales; coalitions support; equitable approaches; positive social tipping dynamics. posit that building such not only possible but essential effectively keep climate change within desired 1.5 degrees Celsius mean temperature increase, halt ongoing accelerated decline biodiversity, promote human well-being.

Language: Английский

Citations

95
Transforming US urban green infrastructure planning to address equity DOI Creative Commons
Zbigniew R. Grabowski, Timon McPhearson, Steward T. A. Pickett

et al.

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 229, P. 104591 - 104591

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Cities across the Unites States have embraced green infrastructure (GI) in official planning efforts. The plans conceptualize GI as providing multiple functions and benefits for urban residents, form part of complex responses to intersectional challenges social injustice inequity, climate change, aging expensive infrastructure, socio-economic change. To date, it is unclear whether city programs address systemic racism inequality. fill this knowledge gap, we coded analyzed 122 formal from 20 US cities examine if how they equity justice three domains: visions, processes, distributions. We find a widespread failure operationalize principles. Only 13% define or justice. 30% recognize that are on Native land. Over 90% do not utilize inclusive processes plan, design, implement, evaluate GI, so target many communities improvements without their consent. Although 80% use manage hazards provide with less than 10% identify causes uneven distributions vulnerability. Even fewer related issues houselessness gentrification. Very few mechanisms build community wealth through new jobs. promising seeds best practices some plan types, but no exemplified all dimensions. If does explicitly comprehensively concerns, may reproduce inequalities meant alleviate. Based our results, identify-three key needs improve current equity. First, clear definitions needed, second, must engage inequality displacement, third, be transformed focus inclusion.

Language: Английский

Citations

90
Innovations in Urban Green and Blue Infrastructure: Tackling local and global challenges in cities DOI
José A. Puppim de Oliveira, Rodrigo A. Bellezoni, Wan-Yu Shih

et al.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 362, P. 132355 - 132355

Published: May 26, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

81
Poverty, Livelihoods and Sustainable Development DOI Open Access
Walter Leal Filho, Patrícia Pinho,

L Caldas brazil

et al.

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1171 - 1284

Published: June 22, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Language: Английский

Citations

73
Biodiversity monitoring for a just planetary future DOI
Melissa Chapman, Benjamin R. Goldstein, Christopher J. Schell

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6678), P. 34 - 36

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Data that influence policy and major investment decisions risk entrenching social political inequities.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Biodiversity and human health: A scoping review and examples of underrepresented linkages DOI Creative Commons
Jake M. Robinson, Andrew C. Breed,

Araceli Camargo

et al.

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 118115 - 118115

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Mounting evidence supports the connections between exposure to environmental typologies––such as green spaces––and human health. However, mechanistic links that connect biodiversity (the variety of life) and health, extent supporting remain less clear. Here, we undertook a scoping review map health summarise levels associated using an established weight framework. Distinct from other reviews, provide additional context regarding environment-microbiome-health axis, evaluate buffering pathway (e.g., impacts on air pollution), examples three under- or minimally-represented linkages. The are (1) Indigenous Peoples' (2) urban social equity, (3) COVID-19. We observed moderate level support microbiota-human moderate-high broader nature pathways greenspace) various outcomes, stress reduction enhanced wellbeing improved cohesion. studies did not typically include specific metrics, indicating clear research gaps. Further is required understand causative metrics such taxonomy, diversity/richness, structure, function) outcomes. There well-established frameworks assess effects broad classifications These can assist future in linking Our underrepresented linkages highlight roles its loss lived experiences, infectious diseases, sovereignty livelihoods. More awareness these socioecological interconnections needed.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Historical Redlining Is Associated with Disparities in Environmental Quality across California DOI Creative Commons
Cesar O. Estien, Christine E. Wilkinson, Rachel Morello‐Frosch

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 54 - 59

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Historical policies have been shown to underpin environmental quality. In the 1930s, federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) developed most comprehensive archive of neighborhoods that would redlined by local lenders and Federal Housing Administration, often applying racist criteria. Our study explored how redlining is associated with quality across eight California cities. We integrated HOLC’s graded maps [grades A (i.e., “best” “greenlined”), B, C, D “hazardous” “redlined”)] 10 hazards using data from 2018 2021 quantify spatial overlap among hazards. found formerly poorer relative those other HOLC grades via higher pollution, more noise, less vegetation, elevated temperatures. Additionally, we intraurban disparities were consistently worse for hazards, having pollution burdens (77% vs 18% greenlined neighborhoods), noise (72% 18%), vegetation (86% 12%), temperature 20%), than their respective city’s average. findings highlight redlining, a policy abolished in 1968, remains an justice concern shaping Californian urban neighborhoods.

Language: Английский

Citations

21