Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 152(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Metabolism is increasingly appreciated for its active role in tissue development during embryogenesis, particularly discrete instruction brain growth and formation. Catabolic programs are essential the breakdown of nutrients to provide energy anabolic processes that construct macromolecules cell structures required expansion organization (Rajan Fame, 2024). Nutrient availability environmental factors influence bioenergetic state developing cells, instruct cellular tissue-specific niches throughout embryogenesis (Traxler et al., 2021; Andrews Pearson, Intracellular metabolism uses external cues from maternal embryonic environments modify gene expression through epigenetic modifications genomic accessibility (Reid 2017; Sánchez-Ramírez Therefore, assessing relationship between metabolome developmental can insights into mechanisms regulate proliferation, differentiation maturation formation.A recent preprint by Saha colleagues highlights importance nutrient examining effects methionine restriction on cellular- tissue-level changes (Saha 2024 preprint). Methionine, conjunction with other metabolites, interconnected numerous metabolic pathways signaling cascades coordinate function (Sanderson 2019). This study evaluated impact dietary mice day (E) 9.5 gestation or exclusively neurogenesis. The results demonstrate neural progenitors display particular vulnerability, leading downstream decreases neurons astrocytes. Progenitors indicators quiescence suggested differentiation, markers. While restoring levels rescued neuron production, there were continued differences methylation marks, presumably compromised delayed gliogenesis. These findings prompt further questions about how substrates timing fate decisions.In addition availability, a Rodriguez Salazar evaluates mitochondrial dynamics astrocyte morphology rats (Salazar During postnatal development, astrocytes undergo structural functional progress mature state, shifting catabolic support increased demands (Zehnder Marina 2018). balance mitochondria fission, fusion transport coordinating specialized functions (Tábara authors discovered Drp-1-mediated fission enables localization distal higher degrees branching more-complex morphologies. resulting high content establish proper Cx43 gap junction protein abundance an evenly dispersed domain across cortex. Their indicate maturing astrocytes, which mediate complex intercellular, synaptic regulation. Notably, drives glycolytic activity due decreased oxidative phosphorylation efficiency ROS production (Zong 2024; Chen Chan, 2017). Mature have glycolysis influx lactate provides fuel surrounding neurons. morphological complexity supports cortical development.Collectively, these studies highlight unique requirements populations based their rodent Each indicates rewiring accommodate dynamic activities development. Metabolic progenitor cells progeny capacity self-renewal (Zhang 2018; Folmes 2012). consequences production. point response correspond altered quiescence, proliferation impaired neurogenesis gliogenesis, depending duration. focus supportive terminally differentiated later stages astrocytic maturation. Together, clarify stages. change, window, duration perturbation assessments distinct, both manuscripts observe disturbances glial whether In changes, alterations, either tiling territory spatial laminae. Collectively, cell-specific regulates may longitudinal health homeostasis.As describe, affect composition organizational features. Of note, had largest effect weight, compared organs, suggesting neurodevelopmental be vulnerable changes. particular, preferentially impacted, perhaps central nervous system (CNS) (Marina Xiong 2022). proportional decrease types catastrophic long-term (Jourdon 2023; Klingler 2021), also suggest certain pliability fluctuations rescue if reversed relevant windows. Restoration loss after reversal, Drp1 restored fission-regulated morphology. modulate potentially therapeutically target dysfunctional implicated neurological disease. A variety disorders, including autism attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), errors metabolism; thus, understanding origins potential treatment valuable (Oyarzábal Pinto Payares 2024).Moving forward, measurements shifts determine bioenergetics affected Mitochondrial biosensors assess real-time, using microscopy (Cambronne 2016; Glancy, 2020). Metabolomic methods magnetic resonance (quantifiable) mass spectrometry (targeted untargeted) comprehensively characterize profiles map pathway isotopic tracers (Johnson Antoniewicz, use gold-standard cutting-edge technologies paired temporal lens will continue illuminate orchestrates programs.

Language: Английский