Challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality in China

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 141 - 155

Published: Dec. 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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The meaning of net zero and how to get it right

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 15 - 21

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Assessing the energy transition in China towards carbon neutrality with a probabilistic framework

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Abstract A profound transformation of China’s energy system is required to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, we couple Monte Carlo analysis with a bottom-up energy-environment-economy model generate 3,000 cases different peak times, technological evolution pathways and cumulative budgets. The results show that if emissions in 2025, the neutrality goal calls for 45–62% electrification rate, 47–78% renewable primary supply, 5.2–7.9 TW solar wind power, 1.5–2.7 PWh storage usage 64–1,649 MtCO 2 negative emissions, synergistically reducing approximately 80% local air pollutants compared present level 2050. emission time budget have significant impacts on decarbonization pathways, technology choices, transition costs. Early peaking reduces welfare losses prevents overreliance removal technologies. Technology breakthroughs, production consumption pattern changes, policy enhancement are urgently

Language: Английский

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Terrestrial carbon sinks in China and around the world and their contribution to carbon neutrality

Science China Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(5), P. 861 - 895

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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Accelerating the energy transition towards photovoltaic and wind in China

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 619(7971), P. 761 - 767

Published: July 26, 2023

China's goal to achieve carbon (C) neutrality by 2060 requires scaling up photovoltaic (PV) and wind power from 1 10-15 PWh year-1 (refs. 1-5). Following the historical rates of renewable installation1, a recent high-resolution energy-system model6 forecasts based on 14th Five-year Energy Development (CFED)7, however, only indicate that capacity will reach 5-9.5 2060. Here we show that, individually optimizing deployment 3,844 new utility-scale PV plants coordinated with ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission energy storage accounting for power-load flexibility learning dynamics, can be increased 9 (corresponding CFED path) 15 year-1, accompanied reduction in average abatement cost US$97 US$6 per tonne dioxide (tCO2). To this, annualized investment should ramp US$77 billion 2020 (current level) US$127 2020s further US$426 2050s. The large-scale increases income residents poorest regions as co-benefits. Our results highlight importance upgrading systems building storage, expanding adjusting load at demand side reduce economic deploying China.

Language: Английский

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Breaking the hard-to-abate bottleneck in China’s path to carbon neutrality with clean hydrogen

Nature Energy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 955 - 965

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Abstract Countries such as China are facing a bottleneck in their paths to carbon neutrality: abating emissions heavy industries and heavy-duty transport. There few in-depth studies of the prospective role for clean hydrogen these ‘hard-to-abate’ (HTA) sectors. Here we carry out an integrated dynamic least-cost modelling analysis. Results show that, first, can be both major energy carrier feedstock that significantly reduce industry. It also fuel up 50% China’s truck bus fleets by 2060 significant shares shipping. Second, realistic scenario reaches 65.7 Mt production could avoid US$1.72 trillion new investment compared with no-hydrogen scenario. This study provides evidence value HTA sectors countries similar challenges reducing achieve net-zero goals.

Language: Английский

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China can reach carbon neutrality before 2050 by improving economic development quality

Energy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 243, P. 123087 - 123087

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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China’s Energy Transition Pathway in a Carbon Neutral Vision

Engineering, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 64 - 76

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

China's energy system requires a thorough transformation to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, leveraging the highly acclaimed Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System model of China (China TIMES) that takes energy, environment, and economy into consideration, four carbon-neutral scenarios are proposed compared for different emission peak times emissions in 2050. The results show will at 10.3–10.4 Gt between 2025 2030. In 2050, renewables account 60% total consumption (calorific value calculation) 90% electricity generation, electrification rate be close 60%. transition bring sustained air quality improvement, with an 85% reduction local pollutants 2050 2020 levels, early yield more near-term benefits. Early attainment extensive deployment over next decade accelerated phasing out coal after 2025. However, it benefits such as obtaining better sooner, reducing cumulative CO2 emissions, buying time other sectors transition. pressure ambitious reductions can transmitted near future, affecting renewable development, service demand, welfare losses.

Language: Английский

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Carbon Capture and Storage: History and the Road Ahead

Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 33 - 43

Published: March 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Potential contributions of wind and solar power to China's carbon neutrality

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 106155 - 106155

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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