Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 28, 2022

Sex differences are prevalent in multiple mental disorders. Internalizing disorders more commonly diagnosed women, whereas externalizing and neurodevelopmental often men. Significant sex/gender reported prevalence, symptom profile, age of onset, comorbidities, functional impairment, prognosis, as well responses to various treatments. In this conceptual article, we discuss theories empirical studies sex- gender-related influences health, by focusing on three examples: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), acknowledged a whose roots mainly biological; eating disorders, origins considered be psychosocial, posttraumatic stress (PTSD), an environmentally caused with both psychosocial biological underpinnings. We examine the ways which sex emerge, from conception through adulthood. also how gender dichotomies exposures, expectations, role assumptions, cultural traditions impact expression our selected illnesses. especially interested sex-based gender-based interact one another affect illness. suggest that multi-faceted complex phenomena result variations, not only between men but within each alterations genes, hormone levels, self-perceptions, trauma experiences, interpersonal relationships. Finally, propose diatheses-stress model, depicting come together across categorize diatheses into several categories: biological, intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental. These exposure stressors, ranging relatively minor traumatic, allows for sometimes bidirectional acute long-term responses. discussed at every level thereby providing framework understanding predicting expression, prevalence treatment response encourage research important field study.

Language: Английский

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Immune surveillance of senescence: potential application to age-related diseases

Trends in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Analysis of sex-specific risk factors and clinical outcomes in COVID-19

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: June 30, 2021

Abstract Background Sex has consistently been shown to affect COVID-19 mortality, but it remains unclear how each sex’s clinical outcome may be distinctively shaped by risk factors. Methods We studied a primary cohort of 4930 patients hospitalized with in single healthcare system New York City from the start pandemic till August 5, 2020, and validation 1645 same January 13, 2021. Results Here we show that male sex was independently associated in-hospital intubation, ICU care after adjusting for demographics comorbidities. Using interaction analysis sex-stratified models, found hypoxia interacted preferentially increase women’s mortality while obesity intubation intensive our cohort. In cohort, observed remained an independent factor sex-specific interactions were not replicated. Conclusions conducted comprehensive large patients, highlighting factors contribute differences COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Implications of Innate Immunity in Post-Acute Sequelae of Non-Persistent Viral Infections

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 2134 - 2134

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

Non-persistent viruses classically cause transient, acute infections triggering immune responses aimed at the elimination of pathogen. Successful evolved strategies to manipulate and evade these anti-viral defenses. Symptoms during phase are often linked dysregulated that disappear once patient recovers. In some patients, however, symptoms persist or new emerge beyond phase. Conditions resulting from previous transient infection termed post-acute sequelae (PAS) were reported for a wide range non-persistent such as rota-, influenza- polioviruses. Here we provide an overview viral pathogens be associated with diverse PAS, among them chronic fatigue, auto-immune disorders, neurological complications highlight known mechanistic details. Recently, emergence COVID-19 (PASC) long COVID highlighted impact PAS. Notably, PAS resemble persistent infections, defined by inflammation. Inflammation maintained after may key driver viruses. Therefore, explore current insights into aberrant activation innate signaling pathways in Finally, conclusions drawn future perspectives treatment prevention discussed.

Language: Английский

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Immunologic resilience and COVID-19 survival advantage

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 148(5), P. 1176 - 1191

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

The risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies significantly among persons similar age and is higher in males. Age-independent, sex-biased differences susceptibility to COVID-19 may be ascribable deficits a sexually dimorphic protective attribute that we termed immunologic resilience (IR).

Language: Английский

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