Nature Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(8), P. 2148 - 2164
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Long
COVID
represents
the
constellation
of
post-acute
and
long-term
health
effects
caused
by
SARS-CoV-2
infection;
it
is
a
complex,
multisystem
disorder
that
can
affect
nearly
every
organ
system
be
severely
disabling.
The
cumulative
global
incidence
long
around
400
million
individuals,
which
estimated
to
have
an
annual
economic
impact
approximately
$1
trillion-equivalent
about
1%
economy.
Several
mechanistic
pathways
are
implicated
in
COVID,
including
viral
persistence,
immune
dysregulation,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
complement
endothelial
inflammation
microbiome
dysbiosis.
devastating
impacts
on
individual
lives
and,
due
its
complexity
prevalence,
also
has
major
ramifications
for
systems
economies,
even
threatening
progress
toward
achieving
Sustainable
Development
Goals.
Addressing
challenge
requires
ambitious
coordinated-but
so
far
absent-global
research
policy
response
strategy.
In
this
interdisciplinary
review,
we
provide
synthesis
state
scientific
evidence
assess
human
health,
systems,
economy
metrics,
forward-looking
roadmap.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 10, 2022
SARS-CoV-2
infection
can
result
in
the
development
of
a
constellation
persistent
sequelae
following
acute
disease
called
post-acute
COVID-19
(PASC)
or
Long
COVID
1-3
.
Individuals
diagnosed
with
frequently
report
unremitting
fatigue,
post-exertional
malaise,
and
variety
cognitive
autonomic
dysfunctions
;
however,
basic
biological
mechanisms
responsible
for
these
debilitating
symptoms
are
unclear.
Here,
215
individuals
were
included
an
exploratory,
cross-sectional
study
to
perform
multi-dimensional
immune
phenotyping
conjunction
machine
learning
methods
identify
key
immunological
features
distinguishing
COVID.
Marked
differences
noted
specific
circulating
myeloid
lymphocyte
populations
relative
matched
control
groups,
as
well
evidence
elevated
humoral
responses
directed
against
among
participants
Further,
unexpected
increases
observed
antibody
non-SARS-CoV-2
viral
pathogens,
particularly
Epstein-Barr
virus.
Analysis
mediators
various
hormones
also
revealed
pronounced
differences,
levels
cortisol
being
uniformly
lower
groups.
Integration
data
into
unbiased
models
identified
significant
critical
accurate
classification
COVID,
decreased
most
individual
predictor.
These
findings
will
help
guide
additional
studies
pathobiology
may
aid
future
objective
biomarkers
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(664)
Published: June 7, 2022
The
host
response
to
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
can
result
in
prolonged
pathologies
collectively
referred
as
post-acute
sequalae
of
COVID-19
(PASC)
or
long
COVID.
To
better
understand
the
mechanism
underlying
COVID
biology,
we
compared
short-
and
long-term
systemic
responses
golden
hamster
after
either
SARS-CoV-2
influenza
A
virus
(IAV)
infection.
Results
demonstrated
that
exceeded
IAV
its
capacity
cause
permanent
injury
lung
kidney
uniquely
affected
olfactory
bulb
(OB)
epithelium
(OE).
Despite
a
lack
detectable
infectious
virus,
OB
OE
myeloid
T
cell
activation,
proinflammatory
cytokine
production,
an
interferon
correlated
with
behavioral
changes
extending
month
viral
clearance.
These
sustained
transcriptional
could
also
be
corroborated
from
tissue
isolated
individuals
who
recovered
COVID-19.
data
highlight
molecular
for
persistent
symptomology
provide
small
animal
model
explore
future
therapeutics.
Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
133(3)
Published: Dec. 1, 2022
BACKGROUND.
The
presence
and
reactivation
of
chronic
viral
infections,
such
as
EBV,
CMV,
HIV,
have
been
proposed
potential
contributors
to
long
COVID
(LC),
but
studies
in
well-characterized
postacute
cohorts
individuals
with
COVID-19
over
a
longer
time
course
consistent
current
case
definitions
LC
are
limited.
Genes and Immunity,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
24(1), P. 1 - 11
Published: Dec. 30, 2022
Abstract
The
molecular
processes
underlying
human
health
and
disease
are
highly
complex.
Often,
genetic
environmental
factors
contribute
to
a
given
or
phenotype
in
non-additive
manner,
yielding
gene–environment
(G
×
E)
interaction.
In
this
work,
we
broadly
review
current
knowledge
on
the
impact
of
interactions
health.
We
first
explain
independent
variation
environment.
next
detail
well-established
G
E
that
involving
toxicants,
pollution,
viruses,
sex
chromosome
composition.
conclude
with
possibilities
challenges
for
studying
interactions.
