Immunity,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
55(9), P. 1732 - 1746.e5
Published: July 19, 2022
Many
immunocompromised
patients
mount
suboptimal
humoral
immunity
after
SARS-CoV-2
mRNA
vaccination.
Here,
we
assessed
the
single-cell
profile
of
SARS-CoV-2-specific
T
cells
post-mRNA
vaccination
in
healthy
individuals
and
with
various
forms
immunodeficiencies.
Impaired
vaccine-induced
cell-mediated
was
observed
many
patients,
particularly
solid-organ
transplant
chronic
lymphocytic
leukemia
patients.
Notably,
an
inherited
lack
mature
B
cells,
i.e.,
X-linked
agammaglobulinemia
(XLA)
displayed
highly
functional
spike-specific
cell
responses.
Single-cell
RNA-sequencing
further
revealed
that
induced
a
broad
spectrum
CD4+
CD8+
XLA.
These
responses
were
founded
on
polyclonal
repertoires
robust
expansions
oligoclonal
effector-memory
CD45RA+
stem-like
characteristics.
Collectively,
our
data
provide
continuum
vaccination,
highlighting
is
variable
quality
across
immunodeficiency
syndromes.
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
310(1), P. 6 - 26
Published: June 5, 2022
Antibodies
against
epitopes
in
S1
give
the
most
accurate
CoP
infection
by
SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus.
Measurement
of
those
antibodies
neutralization
or
binding
assays
both
have
predictive
value,
with
antibody
titers
giving
highest
statistical
correlation.
However,
protective
functions
are
multiple.
multiple
other
than
influence
efficacy.
The
role
cellular
responses
can
be
discerned
respect
to
CD4
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
310(1), P. 27 - 46
Published: June 22, 2022
Immunological
memory
is
the
basis
of
protective
immunity
provided
by
vaccines
and
previous
infections.
can
develop
from
multiple
branches
adaptive
immune
system,
including
CD4
T
cells,
CD8
B
long-lasting
antibody
responses.
Extraordinary
progress
has
been
made
in
understanding
to
SARS-CoV-2
infection
COVID-19
vaccines,
addressing
development;
quantitative
qualitative
features
different
cellular
anatomical
compartments;
durability
each
component
antibodies.
Given
sophistication
measurements;
size
human
studies;
use
longitudinal
samples
cross-sectional
head-to-head
comparisons
between
or
for
1
year
already
supersedes
that
any
other
acute
infectious
disease.
This
knowledge
may
help
inform
public
policies
regarding
as
well
scientific
development
future
against
diseases.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Nov. 4, 2021
The
current
COVID-19
pandemic
is
a
massive
source
of
global
disruption,
having
led
so
far
to
two
hundred
and
fifty
million
cases
almost
five
deaths
worldwide.
It
was
recognized
in
the
beginning
that
only
an
effective
vaccine
could
lead
way
out
pandemic,
therefore
race
for
started
immediately,
boosted
by
availability
viral
sequence
data.
Two
novel
platforms,
based
on
mRNA
technology,
were
developed
2020
Pfizer-BioNTech
Moderna
Therapeutics
(comirnaty®
spikevax®,
respectively),
first
ones
presenting
efficacies
higher
than
90%.
Both
consisted
N1-methyl-pseudouridine-modified
encoding
SARS-COVID-19
Spike
protein
delivered
with
lipid
nanoparticle
(LNP)
formulation.
Because
delivery
problem
ribonucleic
acids
had
been
known
decades,
success
LNPs
quickly
hailed
many
as
unsung
hero
vaccines.
However,
clinical
trial
efficacy
results
Curevac
(CVnCoV)
suggested
system
not
key
success.
CVnCoV
unmodified
(encoding
same
spike
Pfizer-BioNTech's
vaccines)
formulated
LNP
(Acuitas
ALC-0315).
its
48%.
This
striking
difference
be
attributed
presence
critical
RNA
modification
(N1-methyl-pseudouridine)
Moderna's
vaccines
(but
CVnCoV).
Here
we
highlight
features
N1-methyl-pseudouridine
contributions
Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
41(1), P. 343 - 373
Published: Feb. 8, 2023
A
large
body
of
evidence
generated
in
the
last
two
and
a
half
years
addresses
roles
T
cells
SARS-CoV-2
infection
following
vaccination.
Infection
or
vaccination
induces
multi-epitope
CD4
CD8
cell
responses
with
polyfunctionality.
Early
have
been
associated
mild
COVID-19
outcomes.
In
concert
animal
model
data,
these
results
suggest
that
while
antibody
are
key
to
prevent
infection,
may
also
play
valuable
reducing
disease
severity
controlling
infection.
memory
after
is
sustained
for
at
least
six
months.
While
neutralizing
impacted
by
variants,
most
preserved.
This
review
highlights
extensive
progress
made,
data
knowledge
gaps
remain,
our
understanding
vaccines.
