Identification of a neural basis for energy expenditure in the arcuate hypothalamus

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Summary Given the evolutionary instinct for caloric intake and tendency weight rebound after discontinuing dietary interventions or medications, increasing energy expenditure emerges as an alternative obesity treatment. However, neural regulation of remains poorly understood. Here, we report that a hypothalamic neuronal subtype, characterized by Crabp1 expression, establishes connections with multiple nuclei to regulate in mice. Inactivation neurons reduces physical activity, body temperature, adaptive thermogenesis, leading obese phenotype. Conversely, activation these increases mitigates diet-induced obesity. Structural functional analyses reveal promote metabolism through “one-to-many” projection pattern. While are rapidly activated cold exposure prolonged light abrogates their firing may mediate light-induced metabolic disorder. Together, basis integrate various physiological environmental stimuli control weight.

Language: Английский

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Tanycytes in the Nexus of Hypothalamic Inflammation, Appetite Control, and Obesity

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 114917 - 114917

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effect of electroacupuncture at Zusanli reduced Olanzapine‐induced lipid disturbances in mice via potential liver‐brain interaction

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(8)

Published: April 16, 2025

Olanzapine-induced weight gain and disruptions in lipid metabolism represent multifactorial processes that compromise treatment adherence schizophrenia contribute to substantial clinical challenges. While acupuncture has been reported promote loss, the neural substrates mediating its metabolic effects olanzapine-induced models remain largely undefined. In this study, we evaluated efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) acupoint ameliorating obesity dyslipidemia, investigated underlying liver-brain regulatory mechanisms. We further assessed EA through Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), ELISA, lipidomics analysis. Comprehensive evaluations were conducted using three-dimensional fine behavioral analysis cages. Additionally, ultrasound functional imaging (fUS), retrograde tracing with pseudorabies virus 152 (PRV152), c-Fos mapping techniques employed investigate interactions. ST36 effectively reduced body weight, reversed adipocyte hypertrophy hepatocyte damage, restored disturbances free fatty acids (FFA) liver metabolism. These also involved restoration respiratory exchange rate (RER) during dark cycle. explored potential mechanisms, successfully demonstrated stimulation significantly deactivated Agouti-related protein (AGRP)-expressing neurons lateral septal nucleus (LS), accumbens (NAc), pallidum, suggesting AGRP+ these brain regions are interaction treatment. findings highlight critical role metabolism-regulating acupuncture-mediated axis provide insights into mechanisms information integration from liver.

Language: Английский

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Vagal Splenic‐Dependent Effects Influence Glucose Homeostasis, Insulin Secretion, and Histopathology of the Endocrine Pancreas in Hypothalamic Obese Male Rats

The Scientific World JOURNAL, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Vagus nerve (VN) and spleen dysfunctions are often associated with obesity (Ob). Aim: We evaluated the effects of VN ablation on adiposity, metabolism, insulin secretion in hypothalamic obese male rats. Methods: Ob was induced by neonatal subcutaneous injection monosodium glutamate (4 g/kg). At 60 days life, animals were randomly distributed into four groups ( n = 16 rats/group): sham operation (SHAM), vagotomy (VAG), splenectomy (SPL), VAG + SPL. Body weight food intake monitored for 8 weeks postsurgery. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT) intraperitoneal pyruvate (ipPTT) performed at 148 activity recorded 150 days. After euthanasia (150 days), plasma biochemical parameters, glucose‐induced (GIIS), cholinergic adrenergic islet responsiveness evaluated. The pancreas submitted histopathological analysis, protein content OXPHOS IL‐10 isolated pancreatic islets. Results: Decreased confirmed Ob‐VAG groups, lower visceral triglycerides, insulin, together improved sensibility tolerance, compared to Ob‐SHAM Spleen absence reduced insulinotropic responses, deleterious endocrine pancreas. Furthermore, SPL rats presented greater reductions GIIS more severe histopathology, group, without altered size or number IL‐10. Conclusion: Vagal splenic interactions contribute homeostasis control rats, modulating histology.

Language: Английский

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Mind over microbiota: neurons call the shots in the gut

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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