Post-2020 biodiversity framework challenged by cropland expansion in protected areas

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. 758 - 768

Published: March 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(16), P. 3495 - 3504.e4

Published: July 19, 2023

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding how ecological communities respond environmental change across time space.3,4 While increasing availability global databases on has advanced knowledge biodiversity sensitivity changes,5,6,7 vast areas tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In American tropics, Amazonia stands out as world's most diverse rainforest primary source Neotropical biodiversity,12 but remains among least known forests in America often underrepresented databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces Amazon's puzzle before we can use them understand are responding. increase generalization applicability knowledge,18,19 thus crucial reduce biases research, particularly regions projected face pronounced changes. We integrate community metadata 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups machine learning model framework map research probability Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying region's vulnerability change. 15%-18% neglected expected experience severe climate or land changes by 2050. This means that unless take immediate action, will not be able establish their current status, much less monitor changing what being lost.

Language: Английский

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Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 171153 - 171153

Published: March 7, 2024

About 3 billion new tires are produced each year and about 800 million become waste annually. Global dependence upon from natural rubber petroleum-based compounds represents a persistent complex environmental problem with only partial often-times, ineffective solutions. Tire emissions may be in the form of whole tires, tire particles, chemical compounds, which is transported through various atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic routes built environments. Production use generates multiple heavy metals, plastics, PAH's, other that can toxic alone or as cocktails. Used require storage space, energy intensive to recycle, generally have few post-wear uses not also potential sources pollutants (e.g., crumb rubber, pavements, burning). particles emitted during major component microplastics urban runoff source unique highly potent substances. Thus, represent ubiquitous pollutant requires comprehensive examination develop effective management remediation. We approach issue pollution holistically by examining life cycle across production, emissions, recycling, disposal. In this paper, we synthesize recent research data human health risks associated use, disposal discuss gaps our knowledge fate transport, well toxicology leachates. examine remediation approaches for addressing exposure tires. consider three levels: their state, particulates, mixture Finally, information understanding outline key questions improve ability manage remediate pollution.

Language: Английский

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High-resolution maps show that rubber causes substantial deforestation

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 623(7986), P. 340 - 346

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Abstract Understanding the effects of cash crop expansion on natural forest is fundamental importance. However, for most crops there are no remotely sensed global maps 1 , and deforestation impacts estimated using models extrapolations. Natural rubber an example a principal commodity which have been highly uncertain, with estimates differing more than fivefold 1–4 . Here we harnessed Earth observation satellite data cloud computing 5 to produce high-resolution (10 m pixel size) associated (30 Southeast Asia. Our indicate that rubber-related loss has substantially underestimated in policy, by public recent reports 6–8 direct observations show at least twofold threefold higher suggested figures now widely used setting policy 4 With million hectares since 1993 (at 2 2000) plantations established Key Biodiversity Areas, biodiversity ecosystem services Asia could be extensive. Thus, deserves attention domestic within trade agreements incoming due-diligence legislation.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial diversity plays an important role in resisting and restoring degraded ecosystems

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 500(1-2), P. 325 - 349

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mapping the diversity of land uses following deforestation across Africa

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract African forest are increasingly in decline as a result of land-use conversion due to human activities. However, consistent and detailed characterization mapping change that results loss is not available at the spatial-temporal resolution thematic levels suitable for decision-making local regional scales; so far they have only been provided on coarser scales restricted humid forests. Here we present first high-resolution (5 m) continental-scale land use following deforestation Africa, which covers an estimated 13.85% global area, including dry We reference data 15 different types from 30 countries implement active learning framework train deep model predicting with F1-score $$84\pm 0.7$$ 84 ± 0.7 whole Africa. Our show causes vary by region. In general, small-scale cropland dominant driver hotspots Madagascar DRC. addition, commodity crops such cacao, oil palm, rubber drivers forests western central forming “arc crops” At same time, cashew found dominate both south-eastern while larger large-scale croplands were Nigeria Zambia. The increased expansion cashew, rubber, observed Africa suggests vulnerable future changes crops, thus creating challenges achieving zero supply chains, support REDD+ initiatives, towards sustainable development goals.

Language: Английский

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Ghost roads and the destruction of Asia-Pacific tropical forests

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 629(8011), P. 370 - 375

Published: April 10, 2024

Roads are expanding at the fastest pace in human history. This is case especially biodiversity-rich tropical nations, where roads can result forest loss and fragmentation, wildfires, illicit land invasions negative societal effects1–5. Many being constructed illegally or informally do not appear on any existing road map6–10; toll of such 'ghost roads' ecosystems poorly understood. Here we use around 7,000 h effort by trained volunteers to map ghost across Asia-Pacific region, sampling 1.42 million plots, each 1 km2 area. Our intensive revealed a total 1.37 km our plots—from 3.0 6.6 times more than were found leading datasets globally. Across study area, building almost always preceded local loss, density was far strongest correlate11 deforestation out 38 potential biophysical socioeconomic covariates. The relationship between nonlinear, with peaking soon after penetrate landscape then declining as multiply remaining accessible forests largely disappear. Notably, controlling for lower inside protected areas, that areas had only modest additional effects preventing implying their most vital conservation function limiting road-related environmental disruption. Collectively, findings suggest burgeoning, studied among gravest all direct threats forests. An region finds there 3.0–6.6 other sources suggest, unmapped major contributor loss.

Language: Английский

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Integrating digital technologies in agriculture for climate change adaptation and mitigation: State of the art and future perspectives

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 109412 - 109412

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Deforestation impacts soil biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(13)

Published: March 11, 2024

Deforestation poses a global threat to biodiversity and its capacity deliver ecosystem services. Yet, the impacts of deforestation on soil associated services remain virtually unknown. We generated dataset including 696 paired-site observations investigate how native forest conversion other land uses affects properties, biodiversity, functions with delivery multiple The forests plantations, grasslands, croplands resulted in higher bacterial diversity more homogeneous fungal communities dominated by pathogens lower abundance symbionts. Such conversions also significant reductions carbon storage, nutrient cycling, functional rates related organic matter decomposition. Responses microbial community deforestation, guilds, were predominantly regulated changes pH total phosphorus. Moreover, we found that functioning warmer wetter is especially vulnerable deforestation. Our work highlights loss managed ecosystems major soils their

Language: Английский

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Human degradation of tropical moist forests is greater than previously estimated

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 631(8021), P. 570 - 576

Published: July 3, 2024

Abstract Tropical forest degradation from selective logging, fire and edge effects is a major driver of carbon biodiversity loss 1–3 , with annual rates comparable to those deforestation 4 . However, its actual extent long-term impacts remain uncertain at global tropical scale 5 Here we quantify the magnitude persistence multiple types on structure by combining satellite remote sensing data pantropical moist cover changes estimates canopy height biomass spaceborne 6 light detection ranging (LiDAR). We estimate that decreases owing logging 15% 50%, respectively, low recovery even after 20 years. Agriculture road expansion trigger 20% 30% reduction in edge, persistent being measurable up 1.5 km inside forest. Edge encroach 18% (approximately 206 Mha) remaining forests, an area more than 200% larger previously estimated 7 Finally, degraded forests 50% are significantly vulnerable subsequent deforestation. Collectively, our findings call for greater efforts prevent protect already meet conservation pledges made recent United Nations Climate Change Biodiversity conferences.

Language: Английский

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