Pollination ecotypes and the origin of plant species

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Ecological niche shifts are a key driver of phenotypic divergence and contribute to isolating barriers among lineages. For many groups organisms, the history these associated trait–environment correlations well-documented at macroevolutionary level. However, processes that generate patterns initiated below species level, often by formation ecotypes in contrasting environments. Here, I review evidence plants for ‘pollination ecotypes’ as microevolutionary responses environmental gradients pollinator availability. Pollinators critical population establishment persistence most species, thereby forming part their fundamental niche. Novel floral trait combinations allow exploit particular pollination opportunities local habitats evolve primarily through sexual selection due effects on mating success. examine selected case studies evolution ecotypes, including self-pollinating forms, use illustrate challenging practical conceptual issues. These issues include paucity reliable natural data, problem implementing interpreting reciprocal translocation experiments, establishing criteria when allopatric should be considered species.

Language: Английский

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Macroevolutionary divergence along allometric lines of least resistance in frog hindlimb traits and its effect on locomotor evolution

The American Naturalist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Three modes of evolution? Remarks on rates of evolution and time scaling

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(12), P. 1523 - 1537

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Rates of evolution get smaller when they are measured over longer time intervals. As first shown by Gingerich, rates morphological change from fossil series show a robust minus-one scaling with span, implying that evolutionary changes just as large hundred years hundred-thousand years. On even scales, however, the shifts toward minus-half exponent consistent behaving Brownian motion, commonly observed in phylogenetic comparative studies. Here, I discuss how such patterns arise, and derive expected standard stochastic models evolution. argue cannot be easily explained simple univariate models, but require mode scale is changing. To illustrate this idea, present hypothesis about three distinct, connected, modes analyze predicted this, use results to should interpreted. distinct at different scales act decouple micro- macroevolution, criticize various attempts extrapolating one other.

Language: Английский

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Genetic status assessment and future development forecast for an isolated giant panda population

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 57, P. e03423 - e03423

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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More is Fascinating

˜The œfrontiers collection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 253 - 276

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Divergence in genetic (co)variances and the alignment of gmax with phenotypic divergence

Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract To better understand the sources of biological diversity in nature, we need information on mechanisms underlying population divergence. Biological systems with patterns naturally occurring adaptive variation among populations can provide insight into genetic architecture diverging traits and influence constraints responses to selection. Using a system reproductive character displacement North American mushroom-feeding fly Drosophila subquinaria, assessed (co)variance suite chemical signaling divergence this pattern populations. D. subquinaria exhibits stronger isolation against closely related recens sympatry, where both female mating preferences male have diverged from ancestral allopatric We collected three wild each region and, lab, characterized phenotypic these traits, as well additive structure (G-matrix), via replicate breeding designs. found between sympatric shape size G-matrix, that leading axis variance (gmax) had changed sympatry come alignment primary regions.

Language: Английский

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Macroevolution along developmental lines of least resistance in fly wings

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Abstract Evolutionary change requires genetic variation, and a reigning paradigm in biology is that rates of microevolution can be predicted from estimates available variation within populations. However, the accuracy such predictions should decay on longer evolutionary timescales, as influence constraints diminishes. Here we show intrinsic developmental variability standing wing shape two distantly related flies, Drosophila melanogaster Sepsis punctum , are aligned predict deep divergence dipteran phylogeny, spanning >900 taxa 185 million years. This alignment cannot easily explained by constraint hypotheses unless most quantified associated with deleterious side effects effectively unusable for evolution. phenotyping 71 lines S. revealed no covariation between fitness, lending support to this hypothesis. We also find little evidence pace evolution along phylogeny. Instead, correlational selection allometric scaling, simultaneously shaping fly wings, emerges potential explanation observed alignment. suggests pervasive natural has architectures some morphological characters their predicts long-term

Language: Английский

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Integration, Modularity, and Homoplasy in the Forelimbs of Apes

Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Punctuated equilibrium: state of the evidence

Paleobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: May 21, 2025

Abstract Despite its many extensions and implications, we argue that punctuated equilibrium itself has two core, empirical claims: (1) stasis dominates within fossil species; (2) morphological change is concentrated in pulses occur associated with speciation. Here assess the state of evidence for these claims, 50 years after equilibrium’s foundational paper. Spurred by controversy, paleontologists have amassed a large number case studies which morphology species-level lineages tracked over time. Modern, likelihood-based methods been used to fit data models stasis, random walks, directional trends, as well more complex dynamics. Compilations reveal trends predicted gradualist expectations are infrequent. Although commonly observed, it favored less than half cases, meandering walks or generally account majority cases. The second claim received much scrutiny first. speciational plausible theory, only few paleontological integrate ancestor–descendant time series into phylogenetic framework needed estimate cladogenetic compare anagenesis. These studies, indirect analyses extant clades, suggest can occur, but cannot yet confidence frequency importance compared anagenetic changes.

Language: Английский

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The predictive power of genetic variation

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 384(6696), P. 622 - 623

Published: May 9, 2024

New analyses show that trait variability links evolution across vastly different timescales.

Language: Английский

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