Endocytosis in the axon initial segment: Roles in neuronal polarity and plasticity DOI Creative Commons
Kelsie Eichel

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 102949 - 102949

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized domain that maintains neuronal polarity and the site of action potential generation, both which underlie neuron's ability to send receive signals. Disruption AIS leads loss polarity, altered signaling, an array neurological disorders. Therefore, understanding how forms functions central question in cellular neuroscience essential physiology. Decades study have identified many molecular components mechanisms at AIS. Recently, endocytosis has been function maintaining mediating plasticity through its dynamically remodel plasma membrane composition. This review discusses emerging evidence for roles regulating structural insights into can occur

Language: Английский

Endothelial cytoskeleton in mechanotransduction and vascular diseases DOI

Linlu Jin,

Yixue Qin,

Yili Zhao

et al.

Journal of Biomechanics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 112579 - 112579

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The dynamic axon initial segment: From neuronal polarity to network homeostasis DOI Creative Commons
Amélie Fréal, Casper C. Hoogenraad

Neuron, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 113(5), P. 649 - 669

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a highly specialized compartment in neurons that resides between axonal and somatodendritic domains. localization of the AIS proximal part essential for its two major functions: generating modulating action potentials maintaining neuron polarity. Recent findings revealed incredibly stable generated from dynamic components can undergo extensive structural functional changes response to alterations activity levels. These activity-dependent structure function have profound consequences neuronal functioning, plasticity has emerged as key regulator network homeostasis. This review highlights functions AIS, architecture, how organization remodeling are influenced by developmental both acute chronic adaptations. It also discusses mechanisms underlying these processes explores dysregulated may contribute brain disorders.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The neuron-intrinsic membrane skeleton is required for motor neuron integrity throughout lifespan DOI Creative Commons
Carrie Ann Davison,

Daniela Fátima Garcia,

Chengye Feng

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Axons experience physical stress throughout an organism's lifetime, and disruptions in axonal integrity are hallmarks of both neurodegenerative diseases traumatic injuries. The spectrin-based membrane periodic skeleton (MPS) is proposed to have a crucial role maintaining strength, flexibility, resilience. To investigate the importance intrinsic MPS for GABAergic motor neuron C. elegans , we employed auxin-inducible degron system degrade β-spectrin/UNC-70 cell-type specific time-dependent manner. Degradation β-spectrin from all neurons beginning at larval development resulted widespread axon breakage regeneration VD/DD adult animals. Similarly, targeted degradation GABA alone extensive breakage. Moreover, found that depleting mature nervous also induced breaks. By contrast, epidermal was not required neurons. These findings demonstrate cell-intrinsic neuronal during adulthood.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Sculpting excitable membranes: voltage-gated ion channel delivery and distribution DOI
Sidharth Tyagi, Grant P. Higerd‐Rusli, Elizabeth J. Akin

et al.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin DOI
Yuhao Han, Daniela Hacker, Bronte C Donders

et al.

The Journal of Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 224(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

In mammalian axon-carrying–dendrite (AcD) neurons, the axon emanates from a basal dendrite, instead of soma, to create privileged route for action potential generation at initial segment (AIS). However, it is unclear how such unusual morphology established and whether structure function AIS in AcD neurons are preserved. By using dissociated hippocampal cultures as model, we show that development can occur prior synaptogenesis independently vivo environment. A single precursor neurite first gives rise then AcD. The possesses similar cytoskeletal architecture soma-derived similarly functions trafficking barrier retain axon-specific molecular composition. does not undergo homeostatic plasticity, contains lesser cisternal organelles, receives fewer inhibitory inputs. Our findings reveal insights into neuron biology underscore structural differences based on onset.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Axonal mitochondria regulate gentle touch response through control of axonal actin dynamics DOI Creative Commons

Sneha Hegde,

Souvik Modi, Ennis W. Deihl

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract Actin in neuronal processes is both stable and dynamic. The origin & functional roles of the different pools actin not well understood. We find that mutants lack mitochondria, ric-7 mtx-2; miro-1 , also dynamic actin. Mitochondria can regulate dynamics upto a distance ∼80 μm along process. Absence axonal mitochondria does markedly alter Spectrin Membrane Periodic Skeleton (MPS) touch receptor neurons (TRNs). Restoring inTRNs cell autonomously restores sod-2 dependent manner. necessary sufficient for localization gap junction proteins TRNs C. elegans gentle response. identify an vivo mechanism by which locally facilitate through reactive oxygen species we show electrical synapses behaviour.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Two-dimensional condensates of HRS drive the assembly of flat clathrin lattices on endosomes DOI Creative Commons
Markku Hakala, Satish Babu Moparthi, Iva Ganeva

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Abstract Amongst the different clathrin structures in mammalian cells, bi-layered coat colocalizing with endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-0 remains one of most ambiguous. Despite being observed first time twenty years ago, their structure and how they are assembled unknown. Here, we reconstituted vitro ESCRT-0 assembly onto various types membranes. The protein HRS, a known adaptor on endosomes, was found to form condensates. These condensates spread into thin layer PI(3)P-rich Platinum replica electron microscopy revealed that, surprisingly, depending HRS phase. Protein droplets recruited as dense, curved lattice, many cage-like structures. On two-dimensional condensates, dense flat assembly. Two-dimensional HRS-clathrin promoted clustering cholesterol underlying membrane, while enhanced PI(3)P- dependent recruitment membrane. free-standing membranes, membrane flattening. Overall, these results show that two- dimensional condensate creates unique cargo molecules, defining new mechanism trafficking processes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Super-resolution imaging of the neuronal cytoskeleton DOI Creative Commons
Ciarán Butler-Hallissey, Christophe Leterrier

npj Imaging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Dec. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Endocytosis in the axon initial segment: Roles in neuronal polarity and plasticity DOI Creative Commons
Kelsie Eichel

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 102949 - 102949

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized domain that maintains neuronal polarity and the site of action potential generation, both which underlie neuron's ability to send receive signals. Disruption AIS leads loss polarity, altered signaling, an array neurological disorders. Therefore, understanding how forms functions central question in cellular neuroscience essential physiology. Decades study have identified many molecular components mechanisms at AIS. Recently, endocytosis has been function maintaining mediating plasticity through its dynamically remodel plasma membrane composition. This review discusses emerging evidence for roles regulating structural insights into can occur

Language: Английский

Citations

0