Speaking of yourself: A meta-analysis of 80 years of research on pronoun use in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 279, P. 22 - 30

Published: March 30, 2025

People with schizophrenia experience significant language disturbances that profoundly affect their everyday social interactions. Given its relevance to the referential function of language, aberrations in pronoun use are particular interest study schizophrenia. This systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering PRISMA guidelines, examines frequency PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web Science were searched up May 1, 2024. All studies analyzing various spoken contexts included. Bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A Bayesian meta-analysis model averaging estimated effect sizes moderating factors. 13 n = 917 unique participants case-control contrasts 37.9 % patient samples women, weighted mean (SD) age 34.45 (9.72) years. 53.85 languages other than English. We report medium-sized for first-person impairment (model-averaged d 0.89, 95 CrI (0.44, 1.33)). There heterogeneity moderated by age. Evidence publication bias weak, strong support after accounting heterogeneity. small reduction inter-individual variability patients compared healthy controls (lnCVR -0.12, [-0.35, -0.13]). While all also high patients, this not robust due bias. Individuals excessively pronouns. may be marker disturbed sense self illness.

Language: Английский

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Animal models of the human brain: Successes, limitations, and alternatives

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 102969 - 102969

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A vectorial code for semantics in human hippocampus

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

ABSTRACT As we listen to speech, our brains actively compute the meaning of individual words. Inspired by success large language models (LLMs), hypothesized that brain employs vectorial coding principles, such is reflected in distributed activity single neurons. We recorded responses hundreds neurons human hippocampus, which has a well-established role semantic coding, while participants listened narrative speech. find encoding contextual word simultaneous whose selectivities span multiple unrelated categories. Like embedding vectors models, distance between neural population correlates with distance; however, this effect was only observed (like BERT) and reversed non-contextual Word2Vec), suggesting depends critically on contextualization. Moreover, for subset highly semantically similar words, even embedders showed an inverse correlation distances; attribute pattern noise-mitigating benefits contrastive coding. Finally, further support critical context, range covaries lexical polysemy. Ultimately, these results hypothesis hippocampus follows principles.

Language: Английский

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On the origin of memory neurons in the human hippocampus

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

Abstract At the core of intelligence is proficiency in solving new problems, including those that differ dramatically from problems seen before. Problem-solving, turn, depends on goal-directed generation novel thoughts and behaviors 1 , which has been proposed to rely internal representations discrete units, or symbols, processes can recombine them into a large set possible composite 1–11 . Although this view influential formulating cognitive-level explanations behavior, definitive evidence for neuronal substrate symbols remained elusive. Here, we identify neural population encoding action symbols—internal, recombinable units motor behavior—localized specific area frontal cortex. In macaque monkeys performing drawing-like task designed assess recombination learned sequences, found behavioral three critical features indicate actions have an underlying symbolic representation: (i) invariance over low-level parameters; (ii) categorical structure, reflecting classes action; (iii) sequences. simultaneous recordings across motor, premotor, prefrontal cortex, planning-related activity ventral premotor cortex encodes manner that, like reflects invariance, recombination, properties indicating representation. Activity no other recorded exhibited combination properties. These findings reveal representation localized PMv, therefore putative cognitive operations.

Language: Английский

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Commentary on “Speaking of yourself: A meta-analysis of 80 years of research on pronoun use in schizophrenia”

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 20 - 21

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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