Systemic and mucosal IgA responses are variably induced in response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and are associated with protection against subsequent infection DOI Creative Commons
Salma Sheikh‐Mohamed, Baweleta Isho, Gary Chao

et al.

Mucosal Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 799 - 808

Published: April 25, 2022

Although SARS-CoV-2 infects the upper respiratory tract, we know little about amount, type, and kinetics of antibodies (Ab) generated in oral cavity response to COVID-19 vaccination. We collected serum saliva samples from participants receiving two doses mRNA vaccines measured level anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab. detected anti-Spike anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) IgG IgA, as well anti-Spike/RBD associated secretory component most after dose 1. Administration a second boosted but not IgA response, with only 30% remaining positive for at this timepoint. At 6 months post-dose 2, these exhibited diminished levels, although component-associated Ab were more stable. Examining prospective cohorts found that who experienced breakthrough infections variants had lower levels vaccine-induced 2-4 weeks 2 compared did experience an infection, whereas comparable between groups. These data suggest elicit durable may have utility preventing infection. Our study finds local is induced by vaccination persists some, all participants. The modestly correlate 2. Of note, (but IgG) timepoint are subsequently become infected SARS-CoV-2. As new surges arise, developing booster shots provoke high has potential reduce person-to-person transmission.

Language: Английский

Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection DOI Creative Commons
Jennifer M. Dan, José Mateus, Yu Kato

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 371(6529)

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Understanding immune memory to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for improving diagnostics and vaccines assessing the likely future course of COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple compartments circulating SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 cases, including 43 at ≥6 months after infection. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific B cells were more abundant 6 than 1 month symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4

Language: Английский

Citations

2741
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Alessandro Sette, Shane Crotty

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(4), P. 861 - 880

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

1786
Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey Seow,

Carl Graham,

Blair Merrick

et al.

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(12), P. 1598 - 1607

Published: Oct. 26, 2020

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in most infected individuals 10-15 d after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, due recent emergence human population, it is not known how long antibody will maintained or whether they provide protection from reinfection. Using sequential serum samples collected up 94 post symptoms (POS) 65 with real-time quantitative PCR-confirmed infection, we show seroconversion (immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgA, IgG) >95% cases and neutralizing when sampled beyond 8 POS. We that kinetics response typical an acute viral declining titres observed initial peak, magnitude this peak dependent on disease severity. Although some high infective dose (ID

Language: Английский

Citations

1317
Early induction of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associates with rapid viral clearance and mild disease in COVID-19 patients DOI Creative Commons
Anthony T. Tan, Martin Linster, Chee Wah Tan

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 108728 - 108728

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Virus-specific humoral and cellular immunity act synergistically to protect the host from viral infection. We interrogate dynamic changes of virological immunological parameters in 12 patients with symptomatic acute SARS-CoV-2 infection disease onset convalescence or death. quantify RNA respiratory tract parallel antibodies circulating T cells specific for various structural (nucleoprotein [NP], membrane [M], ORF3a, spike) non-structural (ORF7/8, NSP7, NSP13) proteins. Although rapid induction quantity responses associate an increase severity, early interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting SARS-CoV-2-specific is present mild accelerated clearance. These findings provide support prognostic value functional important implications vaccine design immune monitoring.

Language: Английский

Citations

706
SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva DOI Creative Commons
Ni Huang, Paola Pérez, Takafumi Kato

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 892 - 903

Published: March 25, 2021

Despite signs of infection—including taste loss, dry mouth and mucosal lesions such as ulcerations, enanthema macules—the involvement the oral cavity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. To address this, we generated analyzed two single-cell RNA sequencing datasets human minor salivary glands gingiva (9 samples, 13,824 cells), identifying 50 cell clusters. Using integrated normalization annotation, classified 34 unique subpopulations between gingiva. Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry factors ACE2 TMPRSS members were broadly enriched epithelial cells mucosae. orthogonal protein expression assessments, confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored exhibiting sustained infection. Acellular cellular fractions asymptomatic found to transmit ex vivo. Matched nasopharyngeal saliva samples displayed distinct shedding dynamics, burden correlated with COVID-19 symptoms, including loss. Upon recovery, this cohort exhibited IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, these data show that an important site for implicate a potential route transmission. Single-cell transcriptomics analyses gingiva, along detection infectious virus virus-specific individuals, support role pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

705
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates DOI Creative Commons
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis, Andrés López‐Cortés, Eduardo Vásconez

et al.

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2021

Abstract The new SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes COVID-19 disease. newly sequenced appears originate in China rapidly spread throughout world, becoming a pandemic that, until January 5th, 2021, has caused more than 1,866,000 deaths. Hence, laboratories worldwide are developing effective vaccine against this disease, which will be essential reduce morbidity mortality. Currently, there 64 candidates, most of them aiming induce neutralizing antibodies spike protein (S). These prevent uptake through human ACE-2 receptor, thereby limiting viral entrance. Different platforms being used for development, each one presenting several advantages disadvantages. Thus far, thirteen candidates tested Phase 3 clinical trials; therefore, it closer receiving approval or authorization large-scale immunizations.

Language: Английский

Citations

691
Functional SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Memory Persists after Mild COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Lauren B. Rodda, Jason Netland, Laila Shehata

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 184(1), P. 169 - 183.e17

Published: Nov. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

672
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans DOI Creative Commons
Jackson S. Turner, Wooseob Kim,

Elizaveta Kalaidina

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 595(7867), P. 421 - 425

Published: May 24, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

517
Defining the features and duration of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with disease severity and outcome DOI Creative Commons
Katharina Röltgen, Abigail E. Powell, Oliver F. Wirz

et al.

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(54)

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, particularly those preventing viral spike receptor binding domain (RBD) interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, can neutralize the virus. It is, however, unknown which features of serological response may affect clinical outcomes COVID-19 patients. We analyzed 983 longitudinal plasma samples from 79 hospitalized patients and 175 SARS-CoV-2-infected outpatients asymptomatic individuals. Within this cohort, 25 died their illness. Higher ratios IgG antibodies targeting S1 or RBD domains compared to nucleocapsid antigen were seen in who had mild illness versus severely ill Plasma antibody increases correlated decreases RNAemia, but responses acute insufficient predict inpatient outcomes. Pseudovirus neutralization assays a scalable ELISA measuring blocking RBD-ACE2 well patient titers RBD. Outpatient individuals' SARS-CoV-2 including IgG, progressively decreased during observation up five months post-infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

475
The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights DOI Creative Commons
Thiago de Amorim Carvalho, Florian Krammer, Akiko Iwasaki

et al.

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 245 - 256

Published: March 15, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

424