Effects of boosted mRNA and adenoviral‐vectored vaccines on immune responses to omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following the heterologous CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccination DOI
Nungruthai Suntronwong, Sitthichai Kanokudom,

Chompoonut Auphimai

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(12), P. 5713 - 5722

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

The coronavirus 2019 omicron variant has surged rapidly and raises concerns about immune evasion even in individuals with complete vaccination, because it harbors mutations. Here we examine the capability of booster vaccination following CoronaVac/AZD1222 prime to induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against (BA.1 BA.2) T-cell responses. A total 167 participants primed heterologous for 4-5 months were enrolled, receive AZD1222, BNT162b2, or mRNA-1273 as a third dose. Reactogenicity was recorded. Immunogenicity analyses severe acute respiratory syndrome 2-binding measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NAb titers BA.1 BA.2 determined focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) interferon-γ responses observe activation. substantial loss potency found at after receiving CoronaVac/AZD1222. Following significant increase binding activities toward delta variants observed. Neutralization comparable, showing highest boosted followed by BNT162b2 AZD1222. In addition, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines develop response spike protein, whereas those AZD1222 did not. mild moderate without serious adverse events. Our findings demonstrated that mRNA is able overcome waning immunity provide neutralize BA.2, well response.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Yao Fan, Xiang Li, Lei Zhang

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

484
Correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 disease DOI
David Goldblatt, Galit Alter, Shane Crotty

et al.

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 310(1), P. 6 - 26

Published: June 5, 2022

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP infection by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies neutralization or binding assays both have predictive value, with antibody titers giving highest statistical correlation. However, protective functions are multiple. multiple other than influence efficacy. The role cellular responses can be discerned respect to CD4

Language: Английский

Citations

244
Immunological memory to SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection and COVID ‐19 vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Alessandro Sette, Shane Crotty

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 310(1), P. 27 - 46

Published: June 22, 2022

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. can develop from multiple branches adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 B long-lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding to SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative qualitative features different cellular anatomical compartments; durability each component antibodies. Given sophistication measurements; size human studies; use longitudinal samples cross-sectional head-to-head comparisons between or for 1 year already supersedes that any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding as well scientific development future against diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

218
Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives cross-variant neutralization and memory B cell formation against conserved epitopes DOI Creative Commons

Jasmin Quandt,

Alexander Muik,

Nadine Salisch

et al.

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(75)

Published: June 2, 2022

Omicron is the evolutionarily most distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern (VOC) to date. We report that BA.1 breakthrough infection in BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals resulted strong neutralizing activity against BA.1, BA.2, and previous SARS-CoV-2 VOCs but not sublineages BA.4 BA.5. induced a robust recall response, primarily expanding memory B (B

Language: Английский

Citations

194
Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine DOI Creative Commons
Rishi R. Goel, Mark M. Painter, Kendall A. Lundgreen

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(11), P. 1875 - 1887.e8

Published: April 8, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

186
Recall of preexisting cross-reactive B cell memory after Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection DOI Creative Commons
Chengzi I. Kaku,

Alan Bergeron,

Clas Ahlm

et al.

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(73)

Published: May 12, 2022

Understanding immune responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection will facilitate the development of next-generation vaccines. Here, we profiled spike (S)–specific B cell Omicron/BA.1 in messenger RNA–vaccinated donors. The antibody response was characterized by high levels somatic hypermutation and a bias toward recognition ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting early activation vaccine-induced memory cells. BA.1 induced shift immunodominance hierarchy from S2 subunit, which is highly conserved across variants concern (VOCs), antigenically variable receptor binding domain (RBD). A large proportion RBD-directed neutralizing antibodies isolated donors displayed convergent sequence features broadly recognized VOCs. Together, these findings provide insights into role preexisting immunity shaping to heterologous variant exposure.

Language: Английский

Citations

121
Vaccination-infection interval determines cross-neutralization potency to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron after breakthrough infection by other variants DOI Creative Commons
Shô Miyamoto, Takeshi Arashiro, Yu Adachi

et al.

Med, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 249 - 261.e4

Published: March 4, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

71
Sensitivity to Vaccines, Therapeutic Antibodies, and Viral Entry Inhibitors and Advances To Counter the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant DOI
Hao Zhou, Michelle Møhlenberg,

Jigarji Chaturji Thakor

et al.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: June 6, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) keeps evolving and mutating into newer variants over time, which gain higher transmissibility, disease severity, spread in communities at a faster rate, resulting multiple waves of surge Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. A highly mutated transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has recently emerged, driving the extremely high peak infections almost all continents an unprecedented speed scale. The evades protection rendered by vaccine-induced antibodies natural infection, as well overpowers antibody-based immunotherapies, raising concerns current effectiveness available vaccines monoclonal therapies. This review outlines most recent advancements studying virology biology variant, highlighting its increased resistance to therapeutics immune escape against vaccines. However, is sensitive viral fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 motif spike protein, enzyme inhibitors, involving endosomal pathway, ACE2-based entry inhibitors. variant-associated infectivity mechanisms are essentially distinct from previous characterized variants. Innate sensing evasion T cell immunity virus provide new perspectives vaccine drug development. These findings important for understanding advances developing vaccines, therapies, more effective strategies mitigate transmission or next concern.

Language: Английский

Citations

68
Impact of COVID-19 on the liver and on the care of patients with chronic liver disease, hepatobiliary cancer, and liver transplantation: An updated EASL position paper DOI Open Access
Thomas Marjot, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Tobias Boettler

et al.

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(4), P. 1161 - 1197

Published: July 20, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults DOI Creative Commons
Hassen Kared, Asia‐Sophia Wolf,

Amin Alirezaylavasani

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 18, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has more than 15 mutations in the receptor binding domain of Spike protein enabling increased transmissibility and viral escape from antibodies vaccinated individuals. It is unclear how vaccine immunity protects against infection. Here we show that participants at a super-spreader event have robust recall response humoral pre-existing cellular induced by vaccines, an emergent de novo T cell to non-Spike antigens. Individuals with breakthrough infections significantly activated wild type Spike-specific cytotoxic cells, follicular helper (T

Language: Английский

Citations

60