The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 713 - 722

Published: July 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Short-term and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 392(10155), P. 1349 - 1357

Published: Oct. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Neonatal gut microbiota associates with childhood multisensitized atopy and T cell differentiation

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1187 - 1191

Published: Sept. 12, 2016

Language: Английский

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A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: April 28, 2017

After more than a century of active research, the notion that human fetal environment is sterile and neonate's microbiome acquired during after birth was an accepted dogma. However, recent studies using molecular techniques suggest bacterial communities in placenta, amniotic fluid, meconium from healthy pregnancies. These findings have led many scientists to challenge "sterile womb paradigm" propose acquisition instead begins utero, idea would fundamentally change our understanding gut microbiota its role development. In this review, we provide critical assessment evidence supporting these two opposing hypotheses, specifically as it relates (i) anatomical, immunological, physiological characteristics placenta fetus; (ii) research methods currently used study microbial populations intrauterine environment; (iii) fecal first days life; (iv) generation axenic animals humans. Based on analysis, argue support "in utero colonization hypothesis" extremely weak founded almost entirely approaches with insufficient detection limit "low-biomass" populations, lacked appropriate controls for contamination, failed viability. Most importantly, ability reliably derive via cesarean sections strongly supports sterility mammals. We conclude current scientific does not existence microbiomes within milieu, which has implications development clinical practices prevent perturbations establishment future priorities.

Language: Английский

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Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(343)

Published: June 15, 2016

The gut microbial community is dynamic during the first 3 years of life, before stabilizing to an adult-like state. However, little known about impact environmental factors on developing human microbiome. We report a longitudinal study microbiome based DNA sequence analysis monthly stool samples and clinical information from 39 children, half whom received multiple courses antibiotics life. Whereas most children born by vaginal delivery was dominated Bacteroides species, four cesarean section 20% vaginally lacked in 6 18 months Longitudinal sampling, coupled with whole-genome shotgun sequencing, allowed detection strain-level variation as well abundance antibiotic resistance genes. microbiota antibiotic-treated less diverse terms both bacterial species strains, some often single strains. In addition, we observed short-term composition changes between consecutive treated antibiotics. Antibiotic genes carried chromosomes showed peak after treatment followed sharp decline, whereas mobile elements persisted longer therapy ended. Our results highlight value high-density sampling studies high-resolution strain profiling for studying establishment response perturbation infant

Language: Английский

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Association Between Breast Milk Bacterial Communities and Establishment and Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome

JAMA Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 171(7), P. 647 - 647

Published: May 11, 2017

Importance

Establishment of the infant microbiome has lifelong implications on health and immunity. Gut microbiota breastfed compared with nonbreastfed individuals differ during infancy as well into adulthood. Breast milk contains a diverse population bacteria, but little is known about vertical transfer bacteria from mother to by breastfeeding.

Objective

To determine association between maternal breast areolar skin gut bacterial communities.

Design, Setting, Participants

In prospective, longitudinal study, composition was identified sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA gene in milk, skin, stool samples 107 healthy mother-infant pairs. The study conducted Los Angeles, California, St Petersburg, Florida, January 1, 2010, February 28, 2015.

Exposures

Amount duration daily breastfeeding timing solid food introduction.

Main Outcomes Measures

Bacterial gene.

Results

pairs (median age at time specimen collection, 40 days; range, 1-331 days), 52 (43.0%) infants were male. communities distinct stool, differing both diversity. microbial more closely related an infant's mother's random (mean difference Bray-Curtis distances, 0.012 0.014, respectively;P < .001 for both). Source tracking analysis used estimate contribution microbiomes microbiome. During first 30 days life, who obtain 75% or their intake received mean (SD) 27.7% (15.2%) 10.3% (6.0%) skin. diversity (Faith phylogenetic diversity,P = .003) changes associated proportion dose-dependent manner, even after introduction foods.

Conclusions Relevance

results this indicate that seed gut, underscoring importance development

Language: Английский

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Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 574(7776), P. 117 - 121

Published: Sept. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 216(1), P. 20 - 40

Published: Oct. 15, 2018

Over the past decade, our view of human-associated microbes has expanded beyond that a few species toward an appreciation diverse and niche-specialized microbial communities develop in human host with chronological age. The largest reservoir exists distal gastrointestinal tract, both lumen, where facilitate primary secondary metabolism, on mucosal surfaces, they interact immune cell populations. While local microbial-driven immunomodulation gut is well described, more recent studies have demonstrated role for microbiome influencing remote organs hematopoietic function. Unsurprisingly, therefore, perturbation to composition function microbiota been associated chronic diseases ranging from inflammatory metabolic conditions neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory illnesses. Considerable effort currently focused understanding natural history development humans context health outcomes, parallel improving knowledge microbiome-host molecular interactions. These efforts ultimately aim effective approaches rehabilitate perturbed ecosystems as means restore or prevent disease. This review details modulating focus discusses strategies manipulating management prevention conditions.

Language: Английский

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Negative association of antibiotics on clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced renal cell and non-small-cell lung cancer

Annals of Oncology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1437 - 1444

Published: March 29, 2018

The composition of gut microbiota affects antitumor immune responses, preclinical and clinical outcome following checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer. Antibiotics (ATB) alter diversity leading to dysbiosis, which may affect effectiveness ICI.We examined patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated anti-programmed death ligand-1 mAb monotherapy or combination at two academic institutions. Those receiving ATB within 30 days beginning ICI were compared those who did not. Objective response, progression-free survival (PFS) determined by RECIST1.1 overall (OS) assessed.Sixteen 121 (13%) RCC 48 239 (20%) NSCLC received ATB. most common β-lactam quinolones for pneumonia urinary tract infections. In patients, no was associated increased risk primary progressive disease (PD) (75% versus 22%, P < 0.01), shorter PFS [median 1.9 7.4 months, hazard ratio (HR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-6.9, 0.01], OS (median 17.3 30.6 HR 3.5, CI 1.1-10.8, = 0.03). similar rates PD (52% 43%, 0.26) but decreased 3.8 1.5, 1.0-2.2, 0.03) 7.9 24.6 4.4, 2.6-7.7, 0.01). multivariate analyses, the impact remained significant NSCLC.ATB reduced benefit from NSCLC. Modulatation ATB-related dysbiosis be a strategy improve outcomes ICI.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic use and its consequences for the normal microbiome

Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 352(6285), P. 544 - 545

Published: April 28, 2016

Anti-infectives, including antibiotics, are essentially different from all other drugs; they not only affect the individual to whom given but also entire community, through selection for resistance their own action. Thus, use resides at intersection of personal and public health. Antibiotics can be likened a four-edged sword against bacteria. The first two edges antibiotic were identified immediately after discovery deployment in that benefit an treating infection community preventing spread infectious agent. third edge was already recognized by Alexander Fleming 1945 his Nobel acceptance speech, which warned about cost would inevitably evolve selected during clinical practice. We have seen this mount up, as curtails or precludes activities some our most effective drugs clinically important infections. But fourth remained unappreciated until recently, i.e., exerts on individual’s health via collateral damage drug bacteria normally live healthy humans: microbiota. These organisms, genes, metabolites, interactions with one another, well host collectively, represent microbiome. Our relationship these symbiotic is especially early years life, when adult microbiome has yet formed.

Language: Английский

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