Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Aug. 7, 2020
After
the
1918
flu
pandemic,
world
is
again
facing
a
similar
situation.
However,
advancement
in
medical
science
has
made
it
possible
to
identify
that
novel
infectious
agent
from
coronavirus
family.
Rapid
genome
sequencing
by
various
groups
helped
predicting
structure
and
function
of
virus,
immunogenicity
diverse
populations
its
preventive
measures.
Coronavirus
attacks
respiratory
system
causing
pneumonia
lymphopenia
infected
individuals.
Viral
components
like
spike,
nucleo-capsid
proteins
trigger
an
immune
response
host
eliminate
virus.
These
viral
antigens
can
be
either
recognized
B
cells
or
presented
MHC
complexes
T
resulting
antibody
production,
increased
cytokine
secretion
cytolytic
activity
acute
phase
infection.
Association
HLA
downregulated
expression
been
correlated
with
disease
severity
against
influenza
coronaviruses.
Studies
have
reported
individuals
after
recovery
induce
strong
protective
responses
generating
memory
cell
pool
SARS-CoV
MERS-CoV.
were
not
persistent
for
long
term
upon
reactivation
caused
local
damages
due
cross-reactivity.
So
far
reports
suggest
SARS-CoV-2,
which
highly
contagious
shows
related
symptoms
3
different
stages
develops
exhaustive
higher
loads
As
there
are
no
specific
treatments
available
this
coronavirus,
numerous
small
molecular
drugs
being
used
treatment
diseases
SARS,
MERS,
HIV,
ebola,
malaria
tuberculosis
under
clinical
trials
controlling
COVID-19.
A
classical
immunotherapy
convalescent
plasma
transfusion
recovered
patients
also
initiated
neutralization
viremia
terminally
ill
COVID-19
patients.
Due
limitations
transfusion,
researchers
now
focusing
on
developing
neutralizing
antibodies
virus
particles
along
immuno-modulation
cytokines
such
as
IL-6,
TNF-α
interferons
could
help
combating
This
review
highlights
similarities
SARS-CoV,
MERS-CoV
SARS-CoV-2
relation
their
pathogenicity
focuses
strategies
employed
curing
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
174, P. 504 - 534
Published: May 13, 2021
Bone
regenerative
engineering
provides
a
great
platform
for
bone
tissue
regeneration
covering
cells,
growth
factors
and
other
dynamic
forces
fabricating
scaffolds.
Diversified
biomaterials
their
fabrication
methods
have
emerged
patient
specific
bioactive
scaffolds
with
controlled
microstructures
bridging
complex
defects.
The
goal
of
this
review
is
to
summarize
the
points
scaffold
design
as
well
applications
based
on
both
electrospinning
3D
bioprinting.
It
first
briefly
introduces
biological
characteristics
summarizes
different
types
material
considerations
including
polymers,
ceramics,
metals
composites.
We
then
discuss
nanofibrous
applied
various
properties,
components
structures.
Meanwhile,
diverse
in
bioprinting
osteogenesis
especially
role
drug
delivery
are
assembled.
Finally,
we
challenges
future
prospects
development
prominent
strategies
directions
future.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: June 9, 2020
Virus-like
particles
(VLPs)
have
been
shown
to
be
strong
activators
of
dendritic
cells
(DCs).
DCs
are
the
most
potent
antigen
presenting
(APCs)
and
their
activation
prompts
priming
immunity
mediators
based
on
B
T
cells.
The
first
step
for
is
binding
VLPs
pattern
recognition
receptors
(PRRs)
surface
DCs,
followed
by
VLP
internalization.
Like
wild-type
viruses,
use
specific
PRRs
from
DC;
however,
these
interactions
between
not
thoroughly
reviewed.
In
this
review,
we
focused
interaction
proteins
that
form
DCs.
Several
contain
glycosylations
allow
direct
with
sensing
carbohydrates,
prompting
DC
maturation
leading
development
adaptive
immune
responses.
We
discussed
also
how
knowledge
molecular
can
lead
smart
design
VLPs,
whether
fusion
foreign
epitopes
or
chemical
conjugation,
as
well
other
modifications
induce
a
stronger
response
protection
against
infectious
pathogens
importance
in
human
veterinary
medicine.
Finally,
address
tools
cancer
allergic
diseases.
Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
19(9), P. 993 - 1011
Published: Aug. 12, 2022
Virus-like
particles
(VLPs)
have
become
key
tools
in
biology,
medicine
and
even
engineering.
After
their
initial
use
to
resolve
viral
structures
at
the
atomic
level,
VLPs
were
rapidly
harnessed
develop
antiviral
vaccines
followed
by
as
display
platforms
generate
any
kind
of
vaccine.
Most
recently,
been
employed
nanomachines
deliver
pharmaceutically
active
products
specific
sites
into
cells
body.
Here,
we
focus
on
for
development
with
broad
fields
indications
ranging
from
classical
against
viruses
therapeutic
chronic
inflammation,
pain,
allergy
cancer.
In
this
review,
take
a
walk
through
time,
starting
latest
developments
experimental
preclinical
VLP-based
ending
marketed
vaccines,
which
earn
billions
dollars
every
year,
paving
way
next
wave
prophylactic
already
visible
horizon.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Feb. 4, 2021
Abstract
As
a
3D
bioprinting
technique,
hydrogel
stereolithography
has
historically
been
limited
in
its
ability
to
capture
the
spatial
heterogeneity
that
permeates
mammalian
tissues
and
dictates
structure–function
relationships.
This
limitation
stems
directly
from
difficulty
of
preventing
unwanted
material
mixing
when
switching
between
different
liquid
bioinks.
Accordingly,
we
present
development,
characterization,
application
multi-material
bioprinter
provides
controlled
selection,
yields
precise
regional
feature
alignment,
minimizes
bioink
mixing.
Fluorescent
tracers
were
first
used
highlight
broad
design
freedoms
afforded
by
this
fabrication
strategy,
complemented
morphometric
image
analysis
validate
architectural
fidelity.
To
evaluate
bioactivity
printed
gels,
344SQ
lung
adenocarcinoma
cells
core/shell
architecture.
These
exhibited
native
phenotypic
behavior
as
evidenced
apparent
proliferation
formation
spherical
multicellular
aggregates.
Cells
also
pre-formed
aggregates,
which
appropriately
developed
invasive
protrusions
response
hTGF-β1.
Finally,
constructed
simplified
model
intratumoral
with
two
separate
sub-populations
cells,
together
grew
over
14
days
form
dense
interface.
Together,
these
studies
potential
probe
heterotypic
interactions
distinct
cell
types
tissue-specific
microenvironments.
Cancer & Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: May 10, 2021
Abstract
Human
dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase
(DHODH)
is
a
flavin-dependent
mitochondrial
enzyme
catalyzing
the
fourth
step
in
de
novo
pyrimidine
synthesis
pathway.
It
originally
target
for
treatment
of
non-neoplastic
diseases
involving
rheumatoid
arthritis
and
multiple
sclerosis,
re-emerging
as
validated
therapeutic
cancer
therapy.
In
this
review,
we
mainly
unravel
biological
function
DHODH
tumor
progression,
including
its
crucial
role
respiratory
chain
cells.
Moreover,
various
inhibitors
developing
past
decades
are
also
been
displayed,
specific
mechanism
between
additional
effects
illustrated.
Collectively,
detailly
discuss
association
tumors
recent
years
here,
believe
it
will
provide
significant
evidences
potential
strategies
utilizing
preclinical
clinical
therapies.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 21, 2021
Infants
are
capable
of
mounting
adaptive
immune
responses,
but
their
ability
to
develop
long-lasting
immunity
is
limited.
Understanding
the
particularities
neonatal
system
therefore
critical
guide
design
immune-based
interventions,
including
vaccines,
in
early
life.
In
this
review,
we
present
a
thorough
summary
T
cell,
B
and
humoral
life
discuss
infant
responses
pathogens
vaccines.
We
focus
on
differences
between
cell
adulthood,
which
hinder
generation
infancy.
how
knowledge
can
be
applied
when
developing
vaccine
strategies
for
unique
period
development.
particular,
emphasize
use
novel
adjuvants
optimization
schedules.
also
propose
integrating
maternal
immunization
ensure
optimal
protection
through
passive
antibody
transfer
while
avoiding
hindering
responses.
Our
review
highlights
that
functionally
distinct
uniquely
regulated
compared
later
these
should
considered
designing
interventions
promote
pediatric
health.
Materials & Design,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
202, P. 109588 - 109588
Published: Feb. 15, 2021
Chitosan-based
hydrogel
has
been
widely
used
in
the
field
of
tissue
engineering
due
to
its
favorable
biocompatibility
and
good
biodegradability.
However,
this
kind
generally
exhibits
poor
mechanical
stability,
which
greatly
limits
application
3D
bioprinting.
In
study,
we
provided
a
hybrid
bioink
created
from
photocurable
chitosan
acrylamide
(AM)
for
digital
light
processing
(DLP)
based
bioprinting
applications.
This
was
facilely
prepared
by
combining
AM
modified
with
methacryloyl
groups
(CHIMA).
The
gelling
point
pre-hydrogel
dependent
on
photoinitiators.
Both
properties
cytocompatibility
formed
can
be
modulated
varying
contents.
hybridization
natural
CHIMA
synthetic
enables
hydrogels
desirable
biological
activity
properties.
Utilizing
DLP
printing,
processed
into
complex
constructs
high-strength
biocompatibility.
Therefore,
composed
proper
proportion
is
well
suitable
use
bioprinting,
would
play
promising
role
constructing
tissues
organs
future.
